xfs_log_recover.c - fs/xfs/xfs_log_recover.c - Linux source code v4.9.29

/*
 * Copyright (c) 2000-2006 Silicon Graphics, Inc.
 * All Rights Reserved.
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
 *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it would be useful,
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 * GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 * along with this program; if not, write the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc.,  51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
 */
#include "xfs.h"
#include "xfs_fs.h"
#include "xfs_shared.h"
#include "xfs_format.h"
#include "xfs_log_format.h"
#include "xfs_trans_resv.h"
#include "xfs_bit.h"
#include "xfs_sb.h"
#include "xfs_mount.h"
#include "xfs_da_format.h"
#include "xfs_da_btree.h"
#include "xfs_inode.h"
#include "xfs_trans.h"
#include "xfs_log.h"
#include "xfs_log_priv.h"
#include "xfs_log_recover.h"
#include "xfs_inode_item.h"
#include "xfs_extfree_item.h"
#include "xfs_trans_priv.h"
#include "xfs_alloc.h"
#include "xfs_ialloc.h"
#include "xfs_quota.h"
#include "xfs_cksum.h"
#include "xfs_trace.h"
#include "xfs_icache.h"
#include "xfs_bmap_btree.h"
#include "xfs_error.h"
#include "xfs_dir2.h"
#include "xfs_rmap_item.h"
#include "xfs_buf_item.h"
#include "xfs_refcount_item.h"
#include "xfs_bmap_item.h"

#define BLK_AVG(blk1, blk2)	((blk1+blk2) >> 1)

STATIC int
xlog_find_zeroed(
	struct xlog	*,
	xfs_daddr_t	*);
STATIC int
xlog_clear_stale_blocks(
	struct xlog	*,
	xfs_lsn_t);
#if defined(DEBUG)
STATIC void
xlog_recover_check_summary(
	struct xlog *);
#else
#define	xlog_recover_check_summary(log)
#endif
STATIC int
xlog_do_recovery_pass(
        struct xlog *, xfs_daddr_t, xfs_daddr_t, int, xfs_daddr_t *);

/*
 * This structure is used during recovery to record the buf log items which
 * have been canceled and should not be replayed.
 */
struct xfs_buf_cancel {
	xfs_daddr_t		bc_blkno;
	uint			bc_len;
	int			bc_refcount;
	struct list_head	bc_list;
};

/*
 * Sector aligned buffer routines for buffer create/read/write/access
 */

/*
 * Verify the given count of basic blocks is valid number of blocks
 * to specify for an operation involving the given XFS log buffer.
 * Returns nonzero if the count is valid, 0 otherwise.
 */

static inline int
xlog_buf_bbcount_valid(
	struct xlog	*log,
	int		bbcount)
{
	return bbcount > 0 && bbcount <= log->l_logBBsize;
}

/*
 * Allocate a buffer to hold log data.  The buffer needs to be able
 * to map to a range of nbblks basic blocks at any valid (basic
 * block) offset within the log.
 */
STATIC xfs_buf_t *
xlog_get_bp(
	struct xlog	*log,
	int		nbblks)
{
	struct xfs_buf	*bp;

	if (!xlog_buf_bbcount_valid(log, nbblks)) {
		xfs_warn(log->l_mp, "Invalid block length (0x%x) for buffer",
			nbblks);
		XFS_ERROR_REPORT(__func__, XFS_ERRLEVEL_HIGH, log->l_mp);
		return NULL;
	}

	/*
	 * We do log I/O in units of log sectors (a power-of-2
	 * multiple of the basic block size), so we round up the
	 * requested size to accommodate the basic blocks required
	 * for complete log sectors.
	 *
	 * In addition, the buffer may be used for a non-sector-
	 * aligned block offset, in which case an I/O of the
	 * requested size could extend beyond the end of the
	 * buffer.  If the requested size is only 1 basic block it
	 * will never straddle a sector boundary, so this won't be
	 * an issue.  Nor will this be a problem if the log I/O is
	 * done in basic blocks (sector size 1).  But otherwise we
	 * extend the buffer by one extra log sector to ensure
	 * there's space to accommodate this possibility.
	 */
	if (nbblks > 1 && log->l_sectBBsize > 1)
		nbblks += log->l_sectBBsize;
	nbblks = round_up(nbblks, log->l_sectBBsize);

	bp = xfs_buf_get_uncached(log->l_mp->m_logdev_targp, nbblks, 0);
	if (bp)
		xfs_buf_unlock(bp);
	return bp;
}

STATIC void
xlog_put_bp(
	xfs_buf_t	*bp)
{
	xfs_buf_free(bp);
}

/*
 * Return the address of the start of the given block number's data
 * in a log buffer.  The buffer covers a log sector-aligned region.
 */
STATIC char *
xlog_align(
	struct xlog	*log,
	xfs_daddr_t	blk_no,
	int		nbblks,
	struct xfs_buf	*bp)
{
	xfs_daddr_t	offset = blk_no & ((xfs_daddr_t)log->l_sectBBsize - 1);

	ASSERT(offset + nbblks <= bp->b_length);
	return bp->b_addr + BBTOB(offset);
}


/*
 * nbblks should be uint, but oh well.  Just want to catch that 32-bit length.
 */
STATIC int
xlog_bread_noalign(
	struct xlog	*log,
	xfs_daddr_t	blk_no,
	int		nbblks,
	struct xfs_buf	*bp)
{
	int		error;

	if (!xlog_buf_bbcount_valid(log, nbblks)) {
		xfs_warn(log->l_mp, "Invalid block length (0x%x) for buffer",
			nbblks);
		XFS_ERROR_REPORT(__func__, XFS_ERRLEVEL_HIGH, log->l_mp);
		return -EFSCORRUPTED;
	}

	blk_no = round_down(blk_no, log->l_sectBBsize);
	nbblks = round_up(nbblks, log->l_sectBBsize);

	ASSERT(nbblks > 0);
	ASSERT(nbblks <= bp->b_length);

	XFS_BUF_SET_ADDR(bp, log->l_logBBstart + blk_no);
	bp->b_flags |= XBF_READ;
	bp->b_io_length = nbblks;
	bp->b_error = 0;

	error = xfs_buf_submit_wait(bp);
	if (error && !XFS_FORCED_SHUTDOWN(log->l_mp))
		xfs_buf_ioerror_alert(bp, __func__);
	return error;
}

STATIC int
xlog_bread(
	struct xlog	*log,
	xfs_daddr_t	blk_no,
	int		nbblks,
	struct xfs_buf	*bp,
	char		**offset)
{
	int		error;

	error = xlog_bread_noalign(log, blk_no, nbblks, bp);
	if (error)
		return error;

	*offset = xlog_align(log, blk_no, nbblks, bp);
	return 0;
}

/*
 * Read at an offset into the buffer. Returns with the buffer in it's original
 * state regardless of the result of the read.
 */
STATIC int
xlog_bread_offset(
	struct xlog	*log,
	xfs_daddr_t	blk_no,		/* block to read from */
	int		nbblks,		/* blocks to read */
	struct xfs_buf	*bp,
	char		*offset)
{
	char		*orig_offset = bp->b_addr;
	int		orig_len = BBTOB(bp->b_length);
	int		error, error2;

	error = xfs_buf_associate_memory(bp, offset, BBTOB(nbblks));
	if (error)
		return error;

	error = xlog_bread_noalign(log, blk_no, nbblks, bp);

	/* must reset buffer pointer even on error */
	error2 = xfs_buf_associate_memory(bp, orig_offset, orig_len);
	if (error)
		return error;
	return error2;
}

/*
 * Write out the buffer at the given block for the given number of blocks.
 * The buffer is kept locked across the write and is returned locked.
 * This can only be used for synchronous log writes.
 */
STATIC int
xlog_bwrite(
	struct xlog	*log,
	xfs_daddr_t	blk_no,
	int		nbblks,
	struct xfs_buf	*bp)
{
	int		error;

	if (!xlog_buf_bbcount_valid(log, nbblks)) {
		xfs_warn(log->l_mp, "Invalid block length (0x%x) for buffer",
			nbblks);
		XFS_ERROR_REPORT(__func__, XFS_ERRLEVEL_HIGH, log->l_mp);
		return -EFSCORRUPTED;
	}

	blk_no = round_down(blk_no, log->l_sectBBsize);
	nbblks = round_up(nbblks, log->l_sectBBsize);

	ASSERT(nbblks > 0);
	ASSERT(nbblks <= bp->b_length);

	XFS_BUF_SET_ADDR(bp, log->l_logBBstart + blk_no);
	xfs_buf_hold(bp);
	xfs_buf_lock(bp);
	bp->b_io_length = nbblks;
	bp->b_error = 0;

	error = xfs_bwrite(bp);
	if (error)
		xfs_buf_ioerror_alert(bp, __func__);
	xfs_buf_relse(bp);
	return error;
}

#ifdef DEBUG
/*
 * dump debug superblock and log record information
 */
STATIC void
xlog_header_check_dump(
	xfs_mount_t		*mp,
	xlog_rec_header_t	*head)
{
	xfs_debug(mp, "%s:  SB : uuid = %pU, fmt = %d",
		__func__, &mp->m_sb.sb_uuid, XLOG_FMT);
	xfs_debug(mp, "    log : uuid = %pU, fmt = %d",
		&head->h_fs_uuid, be32_to_cpu(head->h_fmt));
}
#else
#define xlog_header_check_dump(mp, head)
#endif

/*
 * check log record header for recovery
 */
STATIC int
xlog_header_check_recover(
	xfs_mount_t		*mp,
	xlog_rec_header_t	*head)
{
	ASSERT(head->h_magicno == cpu_to_be32(XLOG_HEADER_MAGIC_NUM));

	/*
	 * IRIX doesn't write the h_fmt field and leaves it zeroed
	 * (XLOG_FMT_UNKNOWN). This stops us from trying to recover
	 * a dirty log created in IRIX.
	 */
	if (unlikely(head->h_fmt != cpu_to_be32(XLOG_FMT))) {
		xfs_warn(mp,
	"dirty log written in incompatible format - can't recover");
		xlog_header_check_dump(mp, head);
		XFS_ERROR_REPORT("xlog_header_check_recover(1)",
				 XFS_ERRLEVEL_HIGH, mp);
		return -EFSCORRUPTED;
	} else if (unlikely(!uuid_equal(&mp->m_sb.sb_uuid, &head->h_fs_uuid))) {
		xfs_warn(mp,
	"dirty log entry has mismatched uuid - can't recover");
		xlog_header_check_dump(mp, head);
		XFS_ERROR_REPORT("xlog_header_check_recover(2)",
				 XFS_ERRLEVEL_HIGH, mp);
		return -EFSCORRUPTED;
	}
	return 0;
}

/*
 * read the head block of the log and check the header
 */
STATIC int
xlog_header_check_mount(
	xfs_mount_t		*mp,
	xlog_rec_header_t	*head)
{
	ASSERT(head->h_magicno == cpu_to_be32(XLOG_HEADER_MAGIC_NUM));

	if (uuid_is_nil(&head->h_fs_uuid)) {
		/*
		 * IRIX doesn't write the h_fs_uuid or h_fmt fields. If
		 * h_fs_uuid is nil, we assume this log was last mounted
		 * by IRIX and continue.
		 */
		xfs_warn(mp, "nil uuid in log - IRIX style log");
	} else if (unlikely(!uuid_equal(&mp->m_sb.sb_uuid, &head->h_fs_uuid))) {
		xfs_warn(mp, "log has mismatched uuid - can't recover");
		xlog_header_check_dump(mp, head);
		XFS_ERROR_REPORT("xlog_header_check_mount",
				 XFS_ERRLEVEL_HIGH, mp);
		return -EFSCORRUPTED;
	}
	return 0;
}

STATIC void
xlog_recover_iodone(
	struct xfs_buf	*bp)
{
	if (bp->b_error) {
		/*
		 * We're not going to bother about retrying
		 * this during recovery. One strike!
		 */
		if (!XFS_FORCED_SHUTDOWN(bp->b_target->bt_mount)) {
			xfs_buf_ioerror_alert(bp, __func__);
			xfs_force_shutdown(bp->b_target->bt_mount,
						SHUTDOWN_META_IO_ERROR);
		}
	}

	/*
	 * On v5 supers, a bli could be attached to update the metadata LSN.
	 * Clean it up.
	 */
	if (bp->b_fspriv)
		xfs_buf_item_relse(bp);
	ASSERT(bp->b_fspriv == NULL);

	bp->b_iodone = NULL;
	xfs_buf_ioend(bp);
}

/*
 * This routine finds (to an approximation) the first block in the physical
 * log which contains the given cycle.  It uses a binary search algorithm.
 * Note that the algorithm can not be perfect because the disk will not
 * necessarily be perfect.
 */
STATIC int
xlog_find_cycle_start(
	struct xlog	*log,
	struct xfs_buf	*bp,
	xfs_daddr_t	first_blk,
	xfs_daddr_t	*last_blk,
	uint		cycle)
{
	char		*offset;
	xfs_daddr_t	mid_blk;
	xfs_daddr_t	end_blk;
	uint		mid_cycle;
	int		error;

	end_blk = *last_blk;
	mid_blk = BLK_AVG(first_blk, end_blk);
	while (mid_blk != first_blk && mid_blk != end_blk) {
		error = xlog_bread(log, mid_blk, 1, bp, &offset);
		if (error)
			return error;
		mid_cycle = xlog_get_cycle(offset);
		if (mid_cycle == cycle)
			end_blk = mid_blk;   /* last_half_cycle == mid_cycle */
		else
			first_blk = mid_blk; /* first_half_cycle == mid_cycle */
		mid_blk = BLK_AVG(first_blk, end_blk);
	}
	ASSERT((mid_blk == first_blk && mid_blk+1 == end_blk) ||
	       (mid_blk == end_blk && mid_blk-1 == first_blk));

	*last_blk = end_blk;

	return 0;
}

/*
 * Check that a range of blocks does not contain stop_on_cycle_no.
 * Fill in *new_blk with the block offset where such a block is
 * found, or with -1 (an invalid block number) if there is no such
 * block in the range.  The scan needs to occur from front to back
 * and the pointer into the region must be updated since a later
 * routine will need to perform another test.
 */
STATIC int
xlog_find_verify_cycle(
	struct xlog	*log,
	xfs_daddr_t	start_blk,
	int		nbblks,
	uint		stop_on_cycle_no,
	xfs_daddr_t	*new_blk)
{
	xfs_daddr_t	i, j;
	uint		cycle;
	xfs_buf_t	*bp;
	xfs_daddr_t	bufblks;
	char		*buf = NULL;
	int		error = 0;

	/*
	 * Greedily allocate a buffer big enough to handle the full
	 * range of basic blocks we'll be examining.  If that fails,
	 * try a smaller size.  We need to be able to read at least
	 * a log sector, or we're out of luck.
	 */
	bufblks = 1 << ffs(nbblks);
	while (bufblks > log->l_logBBsize)
		bufblks >>= 1;
	while (!(bp = xlog_get_bp(log, bufblks))) {
		bufblks >>= 1;
		if (bufblks < log->l_sectBBsize)
			return -ENOMEM;
	}

	for (i = start_blk; i < start_blk + nbblks; i += bufblks) {
		int	bcount;

		bcount = min(bufblks, (start_blk + nbblks - i));

		error = xlog_bread(log, i, bcount, bp, &buf);
		if (error)
			goto out;

		for (j = 0; j < bcount; j++) {
			cycle = xlog_get_cycle(buf);
			if (cycle == stop_on_cycle_no) {
				*new_blk = i+j;
				goto out;
			}

			buf += BBSIZE;
		}
	}

	*new_blk = -1;

out:
	xlog_put_bp(bp);
	return error;
}

/*
 * Potentially backup over partial log record write.
 *
 * In the typical case, last_blk is the number of the block directly after
 * a good log record.  Therefore, we subtract one to get the block number
 * of the last block in the given buffer.  extra_bblks contains the number
 * of blocks we would have read on a previous read.  This happens when the
 * last log record is split over the end of the physical log.
 *
 * extra_bblks is the number of blocks potentially verified on a previous
 * call to this routine.
 */
STATIC int
xlog_find_verify_log_record(
	struct xlog		*log,
	xfs_daddr_t		start_blk,
	xfs_daddr_t		*last_blk,
	int			extra_bblks)
{
	xfs_daddr_t		i;
	xfs_buf_t		*bp;
	char			*offset = NULL;
	xlog_rec_header_t	*head = NULL;
	int			error = 0;
	int			smallmem = 0;
	int			num_blks = *last_blk - start_blk;
	int			xhdrs;

	ASSERT(start_blk != 0 || *last_blk != start_blk);

	if (!(bp = xlog_get_bp(log, num_blks))) {
		if (!(bp = xlog_get_bp(log, 1)))
			return -ENOMEM;
		smallmem = 1;
	} else {
		error = xlog_bread(log, start_blk, num_blks, bp, &offset);
		if (error)
			goto out;
		offset += ((num_blks - 1) << BBSHIFT);
	}

	for (i = (*last_blk) - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
		if (i < start_blk) {
			/* valid log record not found */
			xfs_warn(log->l_mp,
		"Log inconsistent (didn't find previous header)");
			ASSERT(0);
			error = -EIO;
			goto out;
		}

		if (smallmem) {
			error = xlog_bread(log, i, 1, bp, &offset);
			if (error)
				goto out;
		}

		head = (xlog_rec_header_t *)offset;

		if (head->h_magicno == cpu_to_be32(XLOG_HEADER_MAGIC_NUM))
			break;

		if (!smallmem)
			offset -= BBSIZE;
	}

	/*
	 * We hit the beginning of the physical log & still no header.  Return
	 * to caller.  If caller can handle a return of -1, then this routine
	 * will be called again for the end of the physical log.
	 */
	if (i == -1) {
		error = 1;
		goto out;
	}

	/*
	 * We have the final block of the good log (the first block
	 * of the log record _before_ the head. So we check the uuid.
	 */
	if ((error = xlog_header_check_mount(log->l_mp, head)))
		goto out;

	/*
	 * We may have found a log record header before we expected one.
	 * last_blk will be the 1st block # with a given cycle #.  We may end
	 * up reading an entire log record.  In this case, we don't want to
	 * reset last_blk.  Only when last_blk points in the middle of a log
	 * record do we update last_blk.
	 */
	if (xfs_sb_version_haslogv2(&log->l_mp->m_sb)) {
		uint	h_size = be32_to_cpu(head->h_size);

		xhdrs = h_size / XLOG_HEADER_CYCLE_SIZE;
		if (h_size % XLOG_HEADER_CYCLE_SIZE)
			xhdrs++;
	} else {
		xhdrs = 1;
	}

	if (*last_blk - i + extra_bblks !=
	    BTOBB(be32_to_cpu(head->h_len)) + xhdrs)
		*last_blk = i;

out:
	xlog_put_bp(bp);
	return error;
}

/*
 * Head is defined to be the point of the log where the next log write
 * could go.  This means that incomplete LR writes at the end are
 * eliminated when calculating the head.  We aren't guaranteed that previous
 * LR have complete transactions.  We only know that a cycle number of
 * current cycle number -1 won't be present in the log if we start writing
 * from our current block number.
 *
 * last_blk contains the block number of the first block with a given
 * cycle number.
 *
 * Return: zero if normal, non-zero if error.
 */
STATIC int
xlog_find_head(
	struct xlog	*log,
	xfs_daddr_t	*return_head_blk)
{
	xfs_buf_t	*bp;
	char		*offset;
	xfs_daddr_t	new_blk, first_blk, start_blk, last_blk, head_blk;
	int		num_scan_bblks;
	uint		first_half_cycle, last_half_cycle;
	uint		stop_on_cycle;
	int		error, log_bbnum = log->l_logBBsize;

	/* Is the end of the log device zeroed? */
	error = xlog_find_zeroed(log, &first_blk);
	if (error < 0) {
		xfs_warn(log->l_mp, "empty log check failed");
		return error;
	}
	if (error == 1) {
		*return_head_blk = first_blk;

		/* Is the whole lot zeroed? */
		if (!first_blk) {
			/* Linux XFS shouldn't generate totally zeroed logs -
			 * mkfs etc write a dummy unmount record to a fresh
			 * log so we can store the uuid in there
			 */
			xfs_warn(log->l_mp, "totally zeroed log");
		}

		return 0;
	}

	first_blk = 0;			/* get cycle # of 1st block */
	bp = xlog_get_bp(log, 1);
	if (!bp)
		return -ENOMEM;

	error = xlog_bread(log, 0, 1, bp, &offset);
	if (error)
		goto bp_err;

	first_half_cycle = xlog_get_cycle(offset);

	last_blk = head_blk = log_bbnum - 1;	/* get cycle # of last block */
	error = xlog_bread(log, last_blk, 1, bp, &offset);
	if (error)
		goto bp_err;

	last_half_cycle = xlog_get_cycle(offset);
	ASSERT(last_half_cycle != 0);

	/*
	 * If the 1st half cycle number is equal to the last half cycle number,
	 * then the entire log is stamped with the same cycle number.  In this
	 * case, head_blk can't be set to zero (which makes sense).  The below
	 * math doesn't work out properly with head_blk equal to zero.  Instead,
	 * we set it to log_bbnum which is an invalid block number, but this
	 * value makes the math correct.  If head_blk doesn't changed through
	 * all the tests below, *head_blk is set to zero at the very end rather
	 * than log_bbnum.  In a sense, log_bbnum and zero are the same block
	 * in a circular file.
	 */
	if (first_half_cycle == last_half_cycle) {
		/*
		 * In this case we believe that the entire log should have
		 * cycle number last_half_cycle.  We need to scan backwards
		 * from the end verifying that there are no holes still
		 * containing last_half_cycle - 1.  If we find such a hole,
		 * then the start of that hole will be the new head.  The
		 * simple case looks like
		 *        x | x ... | x - 1 | x
		 * Another case that fits this picture would be
		 *        x | x + 1 | x ... | x
		 * In this case the head really is somewhere at the end of the
		 * log, as one of the latest writes at the beginning was
		 * incomplete.
		 * One more case is
		 *        x | x + 1 | x ... | x - 1 | x
		 * This is really the combination of the above two cases, and
		 * the head has to end up at the start of the x-1 hole at the
		 * end of the log.
		 *
		 * In the 256k log case, we will read from the beginning to the
		 * end of the log and search for cycle numbers equal to x-1.
		 * We don't worry about the x+1 blocks that we encounter,
		 * because we know that they cannot be the head since the log
		 * started with x.
		 */
		head_blk = log_bbnum;
		stop_on_cycle = last_half_cycle - 1;
	} else {
		/*
		 * In this case we want to find the first block with cycle
		 * number matching last_half_cycle.  We expect the log to be
		 * some variation on
		 *        x + 1 ... | x ... | x
		 * The first block with cycle number x (last_half_cycle) will
		 * be where the new head belongs.  First we do a binary search
		 * for the first occurrence of last_half_cycle.  The binary
		 * search may not be totally accurate, so then we scan back
		 * from there looking for occurrences of last_half_cycle before
		 * us.  If that backwards scan wraps around the beginning of
		 * the log, then we look for occurrences of last_half_cycle - 1
		 * at the end of the log.  The cases we're looking for look
		 * like
		 *                               v binary search stopped here
		 *        x + 1 ... | x | x + 1 | x ... | x
		 *                   ^ but we want to locate this spot
		 * or
		 *        <---------> less than scan distance
		 *        x + 1 ... | x ... | x - 1 | x
		 *                           ^ we want to locate this spot
		 */
		stop_on_cycle = last_half_cycle;
		if ((error = xlog_find_cycle_start(log, bp, first_blk,
						&head_blk, last_half_cycle)))
			goto bp_err;
	}

	/*
	 * Now validate the answer.  Scan back some number of maximum possible
	 * blocks and make sure each one has the expected cycle number.  The
	 * maximum is determined by the total possible amount of buffering
	 * in the in-core log.  The following number can be made tighter if
	 * we actually look at the block size of the filesystem.
	 */
	num_scan_bblks = XLOG_TOTAL_REC_SHIFT(log);
	if (head_blk >= num_scan_bblks) {
		/*
		 * We are guaranteed that the entire check can be performed
		 * in one buffer.
		 */
		start_blk = head_blk - num_scan_bblks;
		if ((error = xlog_find_verify_cycle(log,
						start_blk, num_scan_bblks,
						stop_on_cycle, &new_blk)))
			goto bp_err;
		if (new_blk != -1)
			head_blk = new_blk;
	} else {		/* need to read 2 parts of log */
		/*
		 * We are going to scan backwards in the log in two parts.
		 * First we scan the physical end of the log.  In this part
		 * of the log, we are looking for blocks with cycle number
		 * last_half_cycle - 1.
		 * If we find one, then we know that the log starts there, as
		 * we've found a hole that didn't get written in going around
		 * the end of the physical log.  The simple case for this is
		 *        x + 1 ... | x ... | x - 1 | x
		 *        <---------> less than scan distance
		 * If all of the blocks at the end of the log have cycle number
		 * last_half_cycle, then we check the blocks at the start of
		 * the log looking for occurrences of last_half_cycle.  If we
		 * find one, then our current estimate for the location of the
		 * first occurrence of last_half_cycle is wrong and we move
		 * back to the hole we've found.  This case looks like
		 *        x + 1 ... | x | x + 1 | x ...
		 *                               ^ binary search stopped here
		 * Another case we need to handle that only occurs in 256k
		 * logs is
		 *        x + 1 ... | x ... | x+1 | x ...
		 *                   ^ binary search stops here
		 * In a 256k log, the scan at the end of the log will see the
		 * x + 1 blocks.  We need to skip past those since that is
		 * certainly not the head of the log.  By searching for
		 * last_half_cycle-1 we accomplish that.
		 */
		ASSERT(head_blk <= INT_MAX &&
			(xfs_daddr_t) num_scan_bblks >= head_blk);
		start_blk = log_bbnum - (num_scan_bblks - head_blk);
		if ((error = xlog_find_verify_cycle(log, start_blk,
					num_scan_bblks - (int)head_blk,
					(stop_on_cycle - 1), &new_blk)))
			goto bp_err;
		if (new_blk != -1) {
			head_blk = new_blk;
			goto validate_head;
		}

		/*
		 * Scan beginning of log now.  The last part of the physical
		 * log is good.  This scan needs to verify that it doesn't find
		 * the last_half_cycle.
		 */
		start_blk = 0;
		ASSERT(head_blk <= INT_MAX);
		if ((error = xlog_find_verify_cycle(log,
					start_blk, (int)head_blk,
					stop_on_cycle, &new_blk)))
			goto bp_err;
		if (new_blk != -1)
			head_blk = new_blk;
	}

validate_head:
	/*
	 * Now we need to make sure head_blk is not pointing to a block in
	 * the middle of a log record.
	 */
	num_scan_bblks = XLOG_REC_SHIFT(log);
	if (head_blk >= num_scan_bblks) {
		start_blk = head_blk - num_scan_bblks; /* don't read head_blk */

		/* start ptr at last block ptr before head_blk */
		error = xlog_find_verify_log_record(log, start_blk, &head_blk, 0);
		if (error == 1)
			error = -EIO;
		if (error)
			goto bp_err;
	} else {
		start_blk = 0;
		ASSERT(head_blk <= INT_MAX);
		error = xlog_find_verify_log_record(log, start_blk, &head_blk, 0);
		if (error < 0)
			goto bp_err;
		if (error == 1) {
			/* We hit the beginning of the log during our search */
			start_blk = log_bbnum - (num_scan_bblks - head_blk);
			new_blk = log_bbnum;
			ASSERT(start_blk <= INT_MAX &&
				(xfs_daddr_t) log_bbnum-start_blk >= 0);
			ASSERT(head_blk <= INT_MAX);
			error = xlog_find_verify_log_record(log, start_blk,
							&new_blk, (int)head_blk);
			if (error == 1)
				error = -EIO;
			if (error)
				goto bp_err;
			if (new_blk != log_bbnum)
				head_blk = new_blk;
		} else if (error)
			goto bp_err;
	}

	xlog_put_bp(bp);
	if (head_blk == log_bbnum)
		*return_head_blk = 0;
	else
		*return_head_blk = head_blk;
	/*
	 * When returning here, we have a good block number.  Bad block
	 * means that during a previous crash, we didn't have a clean break
	 * from cycle number N to cycle number N-1.  In this case, we need
	 * to find the first block with cycle number N-1.
	 */
	return 0;

 bp_err:
	xlog_put_bp(bp);

	if (error)
		xfs_warn(log->l_mp, "failed to find log head");
	return error;
}

/*
 * Seek backwards in the log for log record headers.
 *
 * Given a starting log block, walk backwards until we find the provided number
 * of records or hit the provided tail block. The return value is the number of
 * records encountered or a negative error code. The log block and buffer
 * pointer of the last record seen are returned in rblk and rhead respectively.
 */
STATIC int
xlog_rseek_logrec_hdr(
	struct xlog		*log,
	xfs_daddr_t		head_blk,
	xfs_daddr_t		tail_blk,
	int			count,
	struct xfs_buf		*bp,
	xfs_daddr_t		*rblk,
	struct xlog_rec_header	**rhead,
	bool			*wrapped)
{
	int			i;
	int			error;
	int			found = 0;
	char			*offset = NULL;
	xfs_daddr_t		end_blk;

	*wrapped = false;

	/*
	 * Walk backwards from the head block until we hit the tail or the first
	 * block in the log.
	 */
	end_blk = head_blk > tail_blk ? tail_blk : 0;
	for (i = (int) head_blk - 1; i >= end_blk; i--) {
		error = xlog_bread(log, i, 1, bp, &offset);
		if (error)
			goto out_error;

		if (*(__be32 *) offset == cpu_to_be32(XLOG_HEADER_MAGIC_NUM)) {
			*rblk = i;
			*rhead = (struct xlog_rec_header *) offset;
			if (++found == count)
				break;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * If we haven't hit the tail block or the log record header count,
	 * start looking again from the end of the physical log. Note that
	 * callers can pass head == tail if the tail is not yet known.
	 */
	if (tail_blk >= head_blk && found != count) {
		for (i = log->l_logBBsize - 1; i >= (int) tail_blk; i--) {
			error = xlog_bread(log, i, 1, bp, &offset);
			if (error)
				goto out_error;

			if (*(__be32 *)offset ==
			    cpu_to_be32(XLOG_HEADER_MAGIC_NUM)) {
				*wrapped = true;
				*rblk = i;
				*rhead = (struct xlog_rec_header *) offset;
				if (++found == count)
					break;
			}
		}
	}

	return found;

out_error:
	return error;
}

/*
 * Seek forward in the log for log record headers.
 *
 * Given head and tail blocks, walk forward from the tail block until we find
 * the provided number of records or hit the head block. The return value is the
 * number of records encountered or a negative error code. The log block and
 * buffer pointer of the last record seen are returned in rblk and rhead
 * respectively.
 */
STATIC int
xlog_seek_logrec_hdr(
	struct xlog		*log,
	xfs_daddr_t		head_blk,
	xfs_daddr_t		tail_blk,
	int			count,
	struct xfs_buf		*bp,
	xfs_daddr_t		*rblk,
	struct xlog_rec_header	**rhead,
	bool			*wrapped)
{
	int			i;
	int			error;
	int			found = 0;
	char			*offset = NULL;
	xfs_daddr_t		end_blk;

	*wrapped = false;

	/*
	 * Walk forward from the tail block until we hit the head or the last
	 * block in the log.
	 */
	end_blk = head_blk > tail_blk ? head_blk : log->l_logBBsize - 1;
	for (i = (int) tail_blk; i <= end_blk; i++) {
		error = xlog_bread(log, i, 1, bp, &offset);
		if (error)
			goto out_error;

		if (*(__be32 *) offset == cpu_to_be32(XLOG_HEADER_MAGIC_NUM)) {
			*rblk = i;
			*rhead = (struct xlog_rec_header *) offset;
			if (++found == count)
				break;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * If we haven't hit the head block or the log record header count,
	 * start looking again from the start of the physical log.
	 */
	if (tail_blk > head_blk && found != count) {
		for (i = 0; i < (int) head_blk; i++) {
			error = xlog_bread(log, i, 1, bp, &offset);
			if (error)
				goto out_error;

			if (*(__be32 *)offset ==
			    cpu_to_be32(XLOG_HEADER_MAGIC_NUM)) {
				*wrapped = true;
				*rblk = i;
				*rhead = (struct xlog_rec_header *) offset;
				if (++found == count)
					break;
			}
		}
	}

	return found;

out_error:
	return error;
}

/*
 * Check the log tail for torn writes. This is required when torn writes are
 * detected at the head and the head had to be walked back to a previous record.
 * The tail of the previous record must now be verified to ensure the torn
 * writes didn't corrupt the previous tail.
 *
 * Return an error if CRC verification fails as recovery cannot proceed.
 */
STATIC int
xlog_verify_tail(
	struct xlog		*log,
	xfs_daddr_t		head_blk,
	xfs_daddr_t		tail_blk)
{
	struct xlog_rec_header	*thead;
	struct xfs_buf		*bp;
	xfs_daddr_t		first_bad;
	int			count;
	int			error = 0;
	bool			wrapped;
	xfs_daddr_t		tmp_head;

	bp = xlog_get_bp(log, 1);
	if (!bp)
		return -ENOMEM;

	/*
	 * Seek XLOG_MAX_ICLOGS + 1 records past the current tail record to get
	 * a temporary head block that points after the last possible
	 * concurrently written record of the tail.
	 */
	count = xlog_seek_logrec_hdr(log, head_blk, tail_blk,
				     XLOG_MAX_ICLOGS + 1, bp, &tmp_head, &thead,
				     &wrapped);
	if (count < 0) {
		error = count;
		goto out;
	}

	/*
	 * If the call above didn't find XLOG_MAX_ICLOGS + 1 records, we ran
	 * into the actual log head. tmp_head points to the start of the record
	 * so update it to the actual head block.
	 */
	if (count < XLOG_MAX_ICLOGS + 1)
		tmp_head = head_blk;

	/*
	 * We now have a tail and temporary head block that covers at least
	 * XLOG_MAX_ICLOGS records from the tail. We need to verify that these
	 * records were completely written. Run a CRC verification pass from
	 * tail to head and return the result.
	 */
	error = xlog_do_recovery_pass(log, tmp_head, tail_blk,
				      XLOG_RECOVER_CRCPASS, &first_bad);

out:
	xlog_put_bp(bp);
	return error;
}

/*
 * Detect and trim torn writes from the head of the log.
 *
 * Storage without sector atomicity guarantees can result in torn writes in the
 * log in the event of a crash. Our only means to detect this scenario is via
 * CRC verification. While we can't always be certain that CRC verification
 * failure is due to a torn write vs. an unrelated corruption, we do know that
 * only a certain number (XLOG_MAX_ICLOGS) of log records can be written out at
 * one time. Therefore, CRC verify up to XLOG_MAX_ICLOGS records at the head of
 * the log and treat failures in this range as torn writes as a matter of
 * policy. In the event of CRC failure, the head is walked back to the last good
 * record in the log and the tail is updated from that record and verified.
 */
STATIC int
xlog_verify_head(
	struct xlog		*log,
	xfs_daddr_t		*head_blk,	/* in/out: unverified head */
	xfs_daddr_t		*tail_blk,	/* out: tail block */
	struct xfs_buf		*bp,
	xfs_daddr_t		*rhead_blk,	/* start blk of last record */
	struct xlog_rec_header	**rhead,	/* ptr to last record */
	bool			*wrapped)	/* last rec. wraps phys. log */
{
	struct xlog_rec_header	*tmp_rhead;
	struct xfs_buf		*tmp_bp;
	xfs_daddr_t		first_bad;
	xfs_daddr_t		tmp_rhead_blk;
	int			found;
	int			error;
	bool			tmp_wrapped;

	/*
	 * Check the head of the log for torn writes. Search backwards from the
	 * head until we hit the tail or the maximum number of log record I/Os
	 * that could have been in flight at one time. Use a temporary buffer so
	 * we don't trash the rhead/bp pointers from the caller.
	 */
	tmp_bp = xlog_get_bp(log, 1);
	if (!tmp_bp)
		return -ENOMEM;
	error = xlog_rseek_logrec_hdr(log, *head_blk, *tail_blk,
				      XLOG_MAX_ICLOGS, tmp_bp, &tmp_rhead_blk,
				      &tmp_rhead, &tmp_wrapped);
	xlog_put_bp(tmp_bp);
	if (error < 0)
		return error;

	/*
	 * Now run a CRC verification pass over the records starting at the
	 * block found above to the current head. If a CRC failure occurs, the
	 * log block of the first bad record is saved in first_bad.
	 */
	error = xlog_do_recovery_pass(log, *head_blk, tmp_rhead_blk,
				      XLOG_RECOVER_CRCPASS, &first_bad);
	if (error == -EFSBADCRC) {
		/*
		 * We've hit a potential torn write. Reset the error and warn
		 * about it.
		 */
		error = 0;
		xfs_warn(log->l_mp,
"Torn write (CRC failure) detected at log block 0x%llx. Truncating head block from 0x%llx.",
			 first_bad, *head_blk);

		/*
		 * Get the header block and buffer pointer for the last good
		 * record before the bad record.
		 *
		 * Note that xlog_find_tail() clears the blocks at the new head
		 * (i.e., the records with invalid CRC) if the cycle number
		 * matches the the current cycle.
		 */
		found = xlog_rseek_logrec_hdr(log, first_bad, *tail_blk, 1, bp,
					      rhead_blk, rhead, wrapped);
		if (found < 0)
			return found;
		if (found == 0)		/* XXX: right thing to do here? */
			return -EIO;

		/*
		 * Reset the head block to the starting block of the first bad
		 * log record and set the tail block based on the last good
		 * record.
		 *
		 * Bail out if the updated head/tail match as this indicates
		 * possible corruption outside of the acceptable
		 * (XLOG_MAX_ICLOGS) range. This is a job for xfs_repair...
		 */
		*head_blk = first_bad;
		*tail_blk = BLOCK_LSN(be64_to_cpu((*rhead)->h_tail_lsn));
		if (*head_blk == *tail_blk) {
			ASSERT(0);
			return 0;
		}

		/*
		 * Now verify the tail based on the updated head. This is
		 * required because the torn writes trimmed from the head could
		 * have been written over the tail of a previous record. Return
		 * any errors since recovery cannot proceed if the tail is
		 * corrupt.
		 *
		 * XXX: This leaves a gap in truly robust protection from torn
		 * writes in the log. If the head is behind the tail, the tail
		 * pushes forward to create some space and then a crash occurs
		 * causing the writes into the previous record's tail region to
		 * tear, log recovery isn't able to recover.
		 *
		 * How likely is this to occur? If possible, can we do something
		 * more intelligent here? Is it safe to push the tail forward if
		 * we can determine that the tail is within the range of the
		 * torn write (e.g., the kernel can only overwrite the tail if
		 * it has actually been pushed forward)? Alternatively, could we
		 * somehow prevent this condition at runtime?
		 */
		error = xlog_verify_tail(log, *head_blk, *tail_blk);
	}

	return error;
}

/*
 * Check whether the head of the log points to an unmount record. In other
 * words, determine whether the log is clean. If so, update the in-core state
 * appropriately.
 */
static int
xlog_check_unmount_rec(
	struct xlog		*log,
	xfs_daddr_t		*head_blk,
	xfs_daddr_t		*tail_blk,
	struct xlog_rec_header	*rhead,
	xfs_daddr_t		rhead_blk,
	struct xfs_buf		*bp,
	bool			*clean)
{
	struct xlog_op_header	*op_head;
	xfs_daddr_t		umount_data_blk;
	xfs_daddr_t		after_umount_blk;
	int			hblks;
	int			error;
	char			*offset;

	*clean = false;

	/*
	 * Look for unmount record. If we find it, then we know there was a
	 * clean unmount. Since 'i' could be the last block in the physical
	 * log, we convert to a log block before comparing to the head_blk.
	 *
	 * Save the current tail lsn to use to pass to xlog_clear_stale_blocks()
	 * below. We won't want to clear the unmount record if there is one, so
	 * we pass the lsn of the unmount record rather than the block after it.
	 */
	if (xfs_sb_version_haslogv2(&log->l_mp->m_sb)) {
		int	h_size = be32_to_cpu(rhead->h_size);
		int	h_version = be32_to_cpu(rhead->h_version);

		if ((h_version & XLOG_VERSION_2) &&
		    (h_size > XLOG_HEADER_CYCLE_SIZE)) {
			hblks = h_size / XLOG_HEADER_CYCLE_SIZE;
			if (h_size % XLOG_HEADER_CYCLE_SIZE)
				hblks++;
		} else {
			hblks = 1;
		}
	} else {
		hblks = 1;
	}
	after_umount_blk = rhead_blk + hblks + BTOBB(be32_to_cpu(rhead->h_len));
	after_umount_blk = do_mod(after_umount_blk, log->l_logBBsize);
	if (*head_blk == after_umount_blk &&
	    be32_to_cpu(rhead->h_num_logops) == 1) {
		umount_data_blk = rhead_blk + hblks;
		umount_data_blk = do_mod(umount_data_blk, log->l_logBBsize);
		error = xlog_bread(log, umount_data_blk, 1, bp, &offset);
		if (error)
			return error;

		op_head = (struct xlog_op_header *)offset;
		if (op_head->oh_flags & XLOG_UNMOUNT_TRANS) {
			/*
			 * Set tail and last sync so that newly written log
			 * records will point recovery to after the current
			 * unmount record.
			 */
			xlog_assign_atomic_lsn(&log->l_tail_lsn,
					log->l_curr_cycle, after_umount_blk);
			xlog_assign_atomic_lsn(&log->l_last_sync_lsn,
					log->l_curr_cycle, after_umount_blk);
			*tail_blk = after_umount_blk;

			*clean = true;
		}
	}

	return 0;
}

static void
xlog_set_state(
	struct xlog		*log,
	xfs_daddr_t		head_blk,
	struct xlog_rec_header	*rhead,
	xfs_daddr_t		rhead_blk,
	bool			bump_cycle)
{
	/*
	 * Reset log values according to the state of the log when we
	 * crashed.  In the case where head_blk == 0, we bump curr_cycle
	 * one because the next write starts a new cycle rather than
	 * continuing the cycle of the last good log record.  At this
	 * point we have guaranteed that all partial log records have been
	 * accounted for.  Therefore, we know that the last good log record
	 * written was complete and ended exactly on the end boundary
	 * of the physical log.
	 */
	log->l_prev_block = rhead_blk;
	log->l_curr_block = (int)head_blk;
	log->l_curr_cycle = be32_to_cpu(rhead->h_cycle);
	if (bump_cycle)
		log->l_curr_cycle++;
	atomic64_set(&log->l_tail_lsn, be64_to_cpu(rhead->h_tail_lsn));
	atomic64_set(&log->l_last_sync_lsn, be64_to_cpu(rhead->h_lsn));
	xlog_assign_grant_head(&log->l_reserve_head.grant, log->l_curr_cycle,
					BBTOB(log->l_curr_block));
	xlog_assign_grant_head(&log->l_write_head.grant, log->l_curr_cycle,
					BBTOB(log->l_curr_block));
}

/*
 * Find the sync block number or the tail of the log.
 *
 * This will be the block number of the last record to have its
 * associated buffers synced to disk.  Every log record header has
 * a sync lsn embedded in it.  LSNs hold block numbers, so it is easy
 * to get a sync block number.  The only concern is to figure out which
 * log record header to believe.
 *
 * The following algorithm uses the log record header with the largest
 * lsn.  The entire log record does not need to be valid.  We only care
 * that the header is valid.
 *
 * We could speed up search by using current head_blk buffer, but it is not
 * available.
 */
STATIC int
xlog_find_tail(
	struct xlog		*log,
	xfs_daddr_t		*head_blk,
	xfs_daddr_t		*tail_blk)
{
	xlog_rec_header_t	*rhead;
	char			*offset = NULL;
	xfs_buf_t		*bp;
	int			error;
	xfs_daddr_t		rhead_blk;
	xfs_lsn_t		tail_lsn;
	bool			wrapped = false;
	bool			clean = false;

	/*
	 * Find previous log record
	 */
	if ((error = xlog_find_head(log, head_blk)))
		return error;
	ASSERT(*head_blk < INT_MAX);

	bp = xlog_get_bp(log, 1);
	if (!bp)
		return -ENOMEM;
	if (*head_blk == 0) {				/* special case */
		error = xlog_bread(log, 0, 1, bp, &offset);
		if (error)
			goto done;

		if (xlog_get_cycle(offset) == 0) {
			*tail_blk = 0;
			/* leave all other log inited values alone */
			goto done;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * Search backwards through the log looking for the log record header
	 * block. This wraps all the way back around to the head so something is
	 * seriously wrong if we can't find it.
	 */
	error = xlog_rseek_logrec_hdr(log, *head_blk, *head_blk, 1, bp,
				      &rhead_blk, &rhead, &wrapped);
	if (error < 0)
		return error;
	if (!error) {
		xfs_warn(log->l_mp, "%s: couldn't find sync record", __func__);
		return -EIO;
	}
	*tail_blk = BLOCK_LSN(be64_to_cpu(rhead->h_tail_lsn));

	/*
	 * Set the log state based on the current head record.
	 */
	xlog_set_state(log, *head_blk, rhead, rhead_blk, wrapped);
	tail_lsn = atomic64_read(&log->l_tail_lsn);

	/*
	 * Look for an unmount record at the head of the log. This sets the log
	 * state to determine whether recovery is necessary.
	 */
	error = xlog_check_unmount_rec(log, head_blk, tail_blk, rhead,
				       rhead_blk, bp, &clean);
	if (error)
		goto done;

	/*
	 * Verify the log head if the log is not clean (e.g., we have anything
	 * but an unmount record at the head). This uses CRC verification to
	 * detect and trim torn writes. If discovered, CRC failures are
	 * considered torn writes and the log head is trimmed accordingly.
	 *
	 * Note that we can only run CRC verification when the log is dirty
	 * because there's no guarantee that the log data behind an unmount
	 * record is compatible with the current architecture.
	 */
	if (!clean) {
		xfs_daddr_t	orig_head = *head_blk;

		error = xlog_verify_head(log, head_blk, tail_blk, bp,
					 &rhead_blk, &rhead, &wrapped);
		if (error)
			goto done;

		/* update in-core state again if the head changed */
		if (*head_blk != orig_head) {
			xlog_set_state(log, *head_blk, rhead, rhead_blk,
				       wrapped);
			tail_lsn = atomic64_read(&log->l_tail_lsn);
			error = xlog_check_unmount_rec(log, head_blk, tail_blk,
						       rhead, rhead_blk, bp,
						       &clean);
			if (error)
				goto done;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * Note that the unmount was clean. If the unmount was not clean, we
	 * need to know this to rebuild the superblock counters from the perag
	 * headers if we have a filesystem using non-persistent counters.
	 */
	if (clean)
		log->l_mp->m_flags |= XFS_MOUNT_WAS_CLEAN;

	/*
	 * Make sure that there are no blocks in front of the head
	 * with the same cycle number as the head.  This can happen
	 * because we allow multiple outstanding log writes concurrently,
	 * and the later writes might make it out before earlier ones.
	 *
	 * We use the lsn from before modifying it so that we'll never
	 * overwrite the unmount record after a clean unmount.
	 *
	 * Do this only if we are going to recover the filesystem
	 *
	 * NOTE: This used to say "if (!readonly)"
	 * However on Linux, we can & do recover a read-only filesystem.
	 * We only skip recovery if NORECOVERY is specified on mount,
	 * in which case we would not be here.
	 *
	 * But... if the -device- itself is readonly, just skip this.
	 * We can't recover this device anyway, so it won't matter.
	 */
	if (!xfs_readonly_buftarg(log->l_mp->m_logdev_targp))
		error = xlog_clear_stale_blocks(log, tail_lsn);

done:
	xlog_put_bp(bp);

	if (error)
		xfs_warn(log->l_mp, "failed to locate log tail");
	return error;
}

/*
 * Is the log zeroed at all?
 *
 * The last binary search should be changed to perform an X block read
 * once X becomes small enough.  You can then search linearly through
 * the X blocks.  This will cut down on the number of reads we need to do.
 *
 * If the log is partially zeroed, this routine will pass back the blkno
 * of the first block with cycle number 0.  It won't have a complete LR
 * preceding it.
 *
 * Return:
 *	0  => the log is completely written to
 *	1 => use *blk_no as the first block of the log
 *	<0 => error has occurred
 */
STATIC int
xlog_find_zeroed(
	struct xlog	*log,
	xfs_daddr_t	*blk_no)
{
	xfs_buf_t	*bp;
	char		*offset;
	uint	        first_cycle, last_cycle;
	xfs_daddr_t	new_blk, last_blk, start_blk;
	xfs_daddr_t     num_scan_bblks;
	int	        error, log_bbnum = log->l_logBBsize;

	*blk_no = 0;

	/* check totally zeroed log */
	bp = xlog_get_bp(log, 1);
	if (!bp)
		return -ENOMEM;
	error = xlog_bread(log, 0, 1, bp, &offset);
	if (error)
		goto bp_err;

	first_cycle = xlog_get_cycle(offset);
	if (first_cycle == 0) {		/* completely zeroed log */
		*blk_no = 0;
		xlog_put_bp(bp);
		return 1;
	}

	/* check partially zeroed log */
	error = xlog_bread(log, log_bbnum-1, 1, bp, &offset);
	if (error)
		goto bp_err;

	last_cycle = xlog_get_cycle(offset);
	if (last_cycle != 0) {		/* log completely written to */
		xlog_put_bp(bp);
		return 0;
	} else if (first_cycle != 1) {
		/*
		 * If the cycle of the last block is zero, the cycle of
		 * the first block must be 1. If it's not, maybe we're
		 * not looking at a log... Bail out.
		 */
		xfs_warn(log->l_mp,
			"Log inconsistent or not a log (last==0, first!=1)");
		error = -EINVAL;
		goto bp_err;
	}

	/* we have a partially zeroed log */
	last_blk = log_bbnum-1;
	if ((error = xlog_find_cycle_start(log, bp, 0, &last_blk, 0)))
		goto bp_err;

	/*
	 * Validate the answer.  Because there is no way to guarantee that
	 * the entire log is made up of log records which are the same size,
	 * we scan over the defined maximum blocks.  At this point, the maximum
	 * is not chosen to mean anything special.   XXXmiken
	 */
	num_scan_bblks = XLOG_TOTAL_REC_SHIFT(log);
	ASSERT(num_scan_bblks <= INT_MAX);

	if (last_blk < num_scan_bblks)
		num_scan_bblks = last_blk;
	start_blk = last_blk - num_scan_bblks;

	/*
	 * We search for any instances of cycle number 0 that occur before
	 * our current estimate of the head.  What we're trying to detect is
	 *        1 ... | 0 | 1 | 0...
	 *                       ^ binary search ends here
	 */
	if ((error = xlog_find_verify_cycle(log, start_blk,
					 (int)num_scan_bblks, 0, &new_blk)))
		goto bp_err;
	if (new_blk != -1)
		last_blk = new_blk;

	/*
	 * Potentially backup over partial log record write.  We don't need
	 * to search the end of the log because we know it is zero.
	 */
	error = xlog_find_verify_log_record(log, start_blk, &last_blk, 0);
	if (error == 1)
		error = -EIO;
	if (error)
		goto bp_err;

	*blk_no = last_blk;
bp_err:
	xlog_put_bp(bp);
	if (error)
		return error;
	return 1;
}

/*
 * These are simple subroutines used by xlog_clear_stale_blocks() below
 * to initialize a buffer full of empty log record headers and write
 * them into the log.
 */
STATIC void
xlog_add_record(
	struct xlog		*log,
	char			*buf,
	int			cycle,
	int			block,
	int			tail_cycle,
	int			tail_block)
{
	xlog_rec_header_t	*recp = (xlog_rec_header_t *)buf;

	memset(buf, 0, BBSIZE);
	recp->h_magicno = cpu_to_be32(XLOG_HEADER_MAGIC_NUM);
	recp->h_cycle = cpu_to_be32(cycle);
	recp->h_version = cpu_to_be32(
			xfs_sb_version_haslogv2(&log->l_mp->m_sb) ? 2 : 1);
	recp->h_lsn = cpu_to_be64(xlog_assign_lsn(cycle, block));
	recp->h_tail_lsn = cpu_to_be64(xlog_assign_lsn(tail_cycle, tail_block));
	recp->h_fmt = cpu_to_be32(XLOG_FMT);
	memcpy(&recp->h_fs_uuid, &log->l_mp->m_sb.sb_uuid, sizeof(uuid_t));
}

STATIC int
xlog_write_log_records(
	struct xlog	*log,
	int		cycle,
	int		start_block,
	int		blocks,
	int		tail_cycle,
	int		tail_block)
{
	char		*offset;
	xfs_buf_t	*bp;
	int		balign, ealign;
	int		sectbb = log->l_sectBBsize;
	int		end_block = start_block + blocks;
	int		bufblks;
	int		error = 0;
	int		i, j = 0;

	/*
	 * Greedily allocate a buffer big enough to handle the full
	 * range of basic blocks to be written.  If that fails, try
	 * a smaller size.  We need to be able to write at least a
	 * log sector, or we're out of luck.
	 */
	bufblks = 1 << ffs(blocks);
	while (bufblks > log->l_logBBsize)
		bufblks >>= 1;
	while (!(bp = xlog_get_bp(log, bufblks))) {
		bufblks >>= 1;
		if (bufblks < sectbb)
			return -ENOMEM;
	}

	/* We may need to do a read at the start to fill in part of
	 * the buffer in the starting sector not covered by the first
	 * write below.
	 */
	balign = round_down(start_block, sectbb);
	if (balign != start_block) {
		error = xlog_bread_noalign(log, start_block, 1, bp);
		if (error)
			goto out_put_bp;

		j = start_block - balign;
	}

	for (i = start_block; i < end_block; i += bufblks) {
		int		bcount, endcount;

		bcount = min(bufblks, end_block - start_block);
		endcount = bcount - j;

		/* We may need to do a read at the end to fill in part of
		 * the buffer in the final sector not covered by the write.
		 * If this is the same sector as the above read, skip it.
		 */
		ealign = round_down(end_block, sectbb);
		if (j == 0 && (start_block + endcount > ealign)) {
			offset = bp->b_addr + BBTOB(ealign - start_block);
			error = xlog_bread_offset(log, ealign, sectbb,
							bp, offset);
			if (error)
				break;

		}

		offset = xlog_align(log, start_block, endcount, bp);
		for (; j < endcount; j++) {
			xlog_add_record(log, offset, cycle, i+j,
					tail_cycle, tail_block);
			offset += BBSIZE;
		}
		error = xlog_bwrite(log, start_block, endcount, bp);
		if (error)
			break;
		start_block += endcount;
		j = 0;
	}

 out_put_bp:
	xlog_put_bp(bp);
	return error;
}

/*
 * This routine is called to blow away any incomplete log writes out
 * in front of the log head.  We do this so that we won't become confused
 * if we come up, write only a little bit more, and then crash again.
 * If we leave the partial log records out there, this situation could
 * cause us to think those partial writes are valid blocks since they
 * have the current cycle number.  We get rid of them by overwriting them
 * with empty log records with the old cycle number rather than the
 * current one.
 *
 * The tail lsn is passed in rather than taken from
 * the log so that we will not write over the unmount record after a
 * clean unmount in a 512 block log.  Doing so would leave the log without
 * any valid log records in it until a new one was written.  If we crashed
 * during that time we would not be able to recover.
 */
STATIC int
xlog_clear_stale_blocks(
	struct xlog	*log,
	xfs_lsn_t	tail_lsn)
{
	int		tail_cycle, head_cycle;
	int		tail_block, head_block;
	int		tail_distance, max_distance;
	int		distance;
	int		error;

	tail_cycle = CYCLE_LSN(tail_lsn);
	tail_block = BLOCK_LSN(tail_lsn);
	head_cycle = log->l_curr_cycle;
	head_block = log->l_curr_block;

	/*
	 * Figure out the distance between the new head of the log
	 * and the tail.  We want to write over any blocks beyond the
	 * head that we may have written just before the crash, but
	 * we don't want to overwrite the tail of the log.
	 */
	if (head_cycle == tail_cycle) {
		/*
		 * The tail is behind the head in the physical log,
		 * so the distance from the head to the tail is the
		 * distance from the head to the end of the log plus
		 * the distance from the beginning of the log to the
		 * tail.
		 */
		if (unlikely(head_block < tail_block || head_block >= log->l_logBBsize)) {
			XFS_ERROR_REPORT("xlog_clear_stale_blocks(1)",
					 XFS_ERRLEVEL_LOW, log->l_mp);
			return -EFSCORRUPTED;
		}
		tail_distance = tail_block + (log->l_logBBsize - head_block);
	} else {
		/*
		 * The head is behind the tail in the physical log,
		 * so the distance from the head to the tail is just
		 * the tail block minus the head block.
		 */
		if (unlikely(head_block >= tail_block || head_cycle != (tail_cycle + 1))){
			XFS_ERROR_REPORT("xlog_clear_stale_blocks(2)",
					 XFS_ERRLEVEL_LOW, log->l_mp);
			return -EFSCORRUPTED;
		}
		tail_distance = tail_block - head_block;
	}

	/*
	 * If the head is right up against the tail, we can't clear
	 * anything.
	 */
	if (tail_distance <= 0) {
		ASSERT(tail_distance == 0);
		return 0;
	}

	max_distance = XLOG_TOTAL_REC_SHIFT(log);
	/*
	 * Take the smaller of the maximum amount of outstanding I/O
	 * we could have and the distance to the tail to clear out.
	 * We take the smaller so that we don't overwrite the tail and
	 * we don't waste all day writing from the head to the tail
	 * for no reason.
	 */
	max_distance = MIN(max_distance, tail_distance);

	if ((head_block + max_distance) <= log->l_logBBsize) {
		/*
		 * We can stomp all the blocks we need to without
		 * wrapping around the end of the log.  Just do it
		 * in a single write.  Use the cycle number of the
		 * current cycle minus one so that the log will look like:
		 *     n ... | n - 1 ...
		 */
		error = xlog_write_log_records(log, (head_cycle - 1),
				head_block, max_distance, tail_cycle,
				tail_block);
		if (error)
			return error;
	} else {
		/*
		 * We need to wrap around the end of the physical log in
		 * order to clear all the blocks.  Do it in two separate
		 * I/Os.  The first write should be from the head to the
		 * end of the physical log, and it should use the current
		 * cycle number minus one just like above.
		 */
		distance = log->l_logBBsize - head_block;
		error = xlog_write_log_records(log, (head_cycle - 1),
				head_block, distance, tail_cycle,
				tail_block);

		if (error)
			return error;

		/*
		 * Now write the blocks at the start of the physical log.
		 * This writes the remainder of the blocks we want to clear.
		 * It uses the current cycle number since we're now on the
		 * same cycle as the head so that we get:
		 *    n ... n ... | n - 1 ...
		 *    ^^^^^ blocks we're writing
		 */
		distance = max_distance - (log->l_logBBsize - head_block);
		error = xlog_write_log_records(log, head_cycle, 0, distance,
				tail_cycle, tail_block);
		if (error)
			return error;
	}

	return 0;
}

/******************************************************************************
 *
 *		Log recover routines
 *
 ******************************************************************************
 */

/*
 * Sort the log items in the transaction.
 *
 * The ordering constraints are defined by the inode allocation and unlink
 * behaviour. The rules are:
 *
 *	1. Every item is only logged once in a given transaction. Hence it
 *	   represents the last logged state of the item. Hence ordering is
 *	   dependent on the order in which operations need to be performed so
 *	   required initial conditions are always met.
 *
 *	2. Cancelled buffers are recorded in pass 1 in a separate table and
 *	   there's nothing to replay from them so we can simply cull them
 *	   from the transaction. However, we can't do that until after we've
 *	   replayed all the other items because they may be dependent on the
 *	   cancelled buffer and replaying the cancelled buffer can remove it
 *	   form the cancelled buffer table. Hence they have tobe done last.
 *
 *	3. Inode allocation buffers must be replayed before inode items that
 *	   read the buffer and replay changes into it. For filesystems using the
 *	   ICREATE transactions, this means XFS_LI_ICREATE objects need to get
 *	   treated the same as inode allocation buffers as they create and
 *	   initialise the buffers directly.
 *
 *	4. Inode unlink buffers must be replayed after inode items are replayed.
 *	   This ensures that inodes are completely flushed to the inode buffer
 *	   in a "free" state before we remove the unlinked inode list pointer.
 *
 * Hence the ordering needs to be inode allocation buffers first, inode items
 * second, inode unlink buffers third and cancelled buffers last.
 *
 * But there's a problem with that - we can't tell an inode allocation buffer
 * apart from a regular buffer, so we can't separate them. We can, however,
 * tell an inode unlink buffer from the others, and so we can separate them out
 * from all the other buffers and move them to last.
 *
 * Hence, 4 lists, in order from head to tail:
 *	- buffer_list for all buffers except cancelled/inode unlink buffers
 *	- item_list for all non-buffer items
 *	- inode_buffer_list for inode unlink buffers
 *	- cancel_list for the cancelled buffers
 *
 * Note that we add objects to the tail of the lists so that first-to-last
 * ordering is preserved within the lists. Adding objects to the head of the
 * list means when we traverse from the head we walk them in last-to-first
 * order. For cancelled buffers and inode unlink buffers this doesn't matter,
 * but for all other items there may be specific ordering that we need to
 * preserve.
 */
STATIC int
xlog_recover_reorder_trans(
	struct xlog		*log,
	struct xlog_recover	*trans,
	int			pass)
{
	xlog_recover_item_t	*item, *n;
	int			error = 0;
	LIST_HEAD(sort_list);
	LIST_HEAD(cancel_list);
	LIST_HEAD(buffer_list);
	LIST_HEAD(inode_buffer_list);
	LIST_HEAD(inode_list);

	list_splice_init(&trans->r_itemq, &sort_list);
	list_for_each_entry_safe(item, n, &sort_list, ri_list) {
		xfs_buf_log_format_t	*buf_f = item->ri_buf[0].i_addr;

		switch (ITEM_TYPE(item)) {
		case XFS_LI_ICREATE:
			list_move_tail(&item->ri_list, &buffer_list);
			break;
		case XFS_LI_BUF:
			if (buf_f->blf_flags & XFS_BLF_CANCEL) {
				trace_xfs_log_recover_item_reorder_head(log,
							trans, item, pass);
				list_move(&item->ri_list, &cancel_list);
				break;
			}
			if (buf_f->blf_flags & XFS_BLF_INODE_BUF) {
				list_move(&item->ri_list, &inode_buffer_list);
				break;
			}
			list_move_tail(&item->ri_list, &buffer_list);
			break;
		case XFS_LI_INODE:
		case XFS_LI_DQUOT:
		case XFS_LI_QUOTAOFF:
		case XFS_LI_EFD:
		case XFS_LI_EFI:
		case XFS_LI_RUI:
		case XFS_LI_RUD:
		case XFS_LI_CUI:
		case XFS_LI_CUD:
		case XFS_LI_BUI:
		case XFS_LI_BUD:
			trace_xfs_log_recover_item_reorder_tail(log,
							trans, item, pass);
			list_move_tail(&item->ri_list, &inode_list);
			break;
		default:
			xfs_warn(log->l_mp,
				"%s: unrecognized type of log operation",
				__func__);
			ASSERT(0);
			/*
			 * return the remaining items back to the transaction
			 * item list so they can be freed in caller.
			 */
			if (!list_empty(&sort_list))
				list_splice_init(&sort_list, &trans->r_itemq);
			error = -EIO;
			goto out;
		}
	}
out:
	ASSERT(list_empty(&sort_list));
	if (!list_empty(&buffer_list))
		list_splice(&buffer_list, &trans->r_itemq);
	if (!list_empty(&inode_list))
		list_splice_tail(&inode_list, &trans->r_itemq);
	if (!list_empty(&inode_buffer_list))
		list_splice_tail(&inode_buffer_list, &trans->r_itemq);
	if (!list_empty(&cancel_list))
		list_splice_tail(&cancel_list, &trans->r_itemq);
	return error;
}

/*
 * Build up the table of buf cancel records so that we don't replay
 * cancelled data in the second pass.  For buffer records that are
 * not cancel records, there is nothing to do here so we just return.
 *
 * If we get a cancel record which is already in the table, this indicates
 * that the buffer was cancelled multiple times.  In order to ensure
 * that during pass 2 we keep the record in the table until we reach its
 * last occurrence in the log, we keep a reference count in the cancel
 * record in the table to tell us how many times we expect to see this
 * record during the second pass.
 */
STATIC int
xlog_recover_buffer_pass1(
	struct xlog			*log,
	struct xlog_recover_item	*item)
{
	xfs_buf_log_format_t	*buf_f = item->ri_buf[0].i_addr;
	struct list_head	*bucket;
	struct xfs_buf_cancel	*bcp;

	/*
	 * If this isn't a cancel buffer item, then just return.
	 */
	if (!(buf_f->blf_flags & XFS_BLF_CANCEL)) {
		trace_xfs_log_recover_buf_not_cancel(log, buf_f);
		return 0;
	}

	/*
	 * Insert an xfs_buf_cancel record into the hash table of them.
	 * If there is already an identical record, bump its reference count.
	 */
	bucket = XLOG_BUF_CANCEL_BUCKET(log, buf_f->blf_blkno);
	list_for_each_entry(bcp, bucket, bc_list) {
		if (bcp->bc_blkno == buf_f->blf_blkno &&
		    bcp->bc_len == buf_f->blf_len) {
			bcp->bc_refcount++;
			trace_xfs_log_recover_buf_cancel_ref_inc(log, buf_f);
			return 0;
		}
	}

	bcp = kmem_alloc(sizeof(struct xfs_buf_cancel), KM_SLEEP);
	bcp->bc_blkno = buf_f->blf_blkno;
	bcp->bc_len = buf_f->blf_len;
	bcp->bc_refcount = 1;
	list_add_tail(&bcp->bc_list, bucket);

	trace_xfs_log_recover_buf_cancel_add(log, buf_f);
	return 0;
}

/*
 * Check to see whether the buffer being recovered has a corresponding
 * entry in the buffer cancel record table. If it is, return the cancel
 * buffer structure to the caller.
 */
STATIC struct xfs_buf_cancel *
xlog_peek_buffer_cancelled(
	struct xlog		*log,
	xfs_daddr_t		blkno,
	uint			len,
	ushort			flags)
{
	struct list_head	*bucket;
	struct xfs_buf_cancel	*bcp;

	if (!log->l_buf_cancel_table) {
		/* empty table means no cancelled buffers in the log */
		ASSERT(!(flags & XFS_BLF_CANCEL));
		return NULL;
	}

	bucket = XLOG_BUF_CANCEL_BUCKET(log, blkno);
	list_for_each_entry(bcp, bucket, bc_list) {
		if (bcp->bc_blkno == blkno && bcp->bc_len == len)
			return bcp;
	}

	/*
	 * We didn't find a corresponding entry in the table, so return 0 so
	 * that the buffer is NOT cancelled.
	 */
	ASSERT(!(flags & XFS_BLF_CANCEL));
	return NULL;
}

/*
 * If the buffer is being cancelled then return 1 so that it will be cancelled,
 * otherwise return 0.  If the buffer is actually a buffer cancel item
 * (XFS_BLF_CANCEL is set), then decrement the refcount on the entry in the
 * table and remove it from the table if this is the last reference.
 *
 * We remove the cancel record from the table when we encounter its last
 * occurrence in the log so that if the same buffer is re-used again after its
 * last cancellation we actually replay the changes made at that point.
 */
STATIC int
xlog_check_buffer_cancelled(
	struct xlog		*log,
	xfs_daddr_t		blkno,
	uint			len,
	ushort			flags)
{
	struct xfs_buf_cancel	*bcp;

	bcp = xlog_peek_buffer_cancelled(log, blkno, len, flags);
	if (!bcp)
		return 0;

	/*
	 * We've go a match, so return 1 so that the recovery of this buffer
	 * is cancelled.  If this buffer is actually a buffer cancel log
	 * item, then decrement the refcount on the one in the table and
	 * remove it if this is the last reference.
	 */
	if (flags & XFS_BLF_CANCEL) {
		if (--bcp->bc_refcount == 0) {
			list_del(&bcp->bc_list);
			kmem_free(bcp);
		}
	}
	return 1;
}

/*
 * Perform recovery for a buffer full of inodes.  In these buffers, the only
 * data which should be recovered is that which corresponds to the
 * di_next_unlinked pointers in the on disk inode structures.  The rest of the
 * data for the inodes is always logged through the inodes themselves rather
 * than the inode buffer and is recovered in xlog_recover_inode_pass2().
 *
 * The only time when buffers full of inodes are fully recovered is when the
 * buffer is full of newly allocated inodes.  In this case the buffer will
 * not be marked as an inode buffer and so will be sent to
 * xlog_recover_do_reg_buffer() below during recovery.
 */
STATIC int
xlog_recover_do_inode_buffer(
	struct xfs_mount	*mp,
	xlog_recover_item_t	*item,
	struct xfs_buf		*bp,
	xfs_buf_log_format_t	*buf_f)
{
	int			i;
	int			item_index = 0;
	int			bit = 0;
	int			nbits = 0;
	int			reg_buf_offset = 0;
	int			reg_buf_bytes = 0;
	int			next_unlinked_offset;
	int			inodes_per_buf;
	xfs_agino_t		*logged_nextp;
	xfs_agino_t		*buffer_nextp;

	trace_xfs_log_recover_buf_inode_buf(mp->m_log, buf_f);

	/*
	 * Post recovery validation only works properly on CRC enabled
	 * filesystems.
	 */
	if (xfs_sb_version_hascrc(&mp->m_sb))
		bp->b_ops = &xfs_inode_buf_ops;

	inodes_per_buf = BBTOB(bp->b_io_length) >> mp->m_sb.sb_inodelog;
	for (i = 0; i < inodes_per_buf; i++) {
		next_unlinked_offset = (i * mp->m_sb.sb_inodesize) +
			offsetof(xfs_dinode_t, di_next_unlinked);

		while (next_unlinked_offset >=
		       (reg_buf_offset + reg_buf_bytes)) {
			/*
			 * The next di_next_unlinked field is beyond
			 * the current logged region.  Find the next
			 * logged region that contains or is beyond
			 * the current di_next_unlinked field.
			 */
			bit += nbits;
			bit = xfs_next_bit(buf_f->blf_data_map,
					   buf_f->blf_map_size, bit);

			/*
			 * If there are no more logged regions in the
			 * buffer, then we're done.
			 */
			if (bit == -1)
				return 0;

			nbits = xfs_contig_bits(buf_f->blf_data_map,
						buf_f->blf_map_size, bit);
			ASSERT(nbits > 0);
			reg_buf_offset = bit << XFS_BLF_SHIFT;
			reg_buf_bytes = nbits << XFS_BLF_SHIFT;
			item_index++;
		}

		/*
		 * If the current logged region starts after the current
		 * di_next_unlinked field, then move on to the next
		 * di_next_unlinked field.
		 */
		if (next_unlinked_offset < reg_buf_offset)
			continue;

		ASSERT(item->ri_buf[item_index].i_addr != NULL);
		ASSERT((item->ri_buf[item_index].i_len % XFS_BLF_CHUNK) == 0);
		ASSERT((reg_buf_offset + reg_buf_bytes) <=
							BBTOB(bp->b_io_length));

		/*
		 * The current logged region contains a copy of the
		 * current di_next_unlinked field.  Extract its value
		 * and copy it to the buffer copy.
		 */
		logged_nextp = item->ri_buf[item_index].i_addr +
				next_unlinked_offset - reg_buf_offset;
		if (unlikely(*logged_nextp == 0)) {
			xfs_alert(mp,
		"Bad inode buffer log record (ptr = 0x%p, bp = 0x%p). "
		"Trying to replay bad (0) inode di_next_unlinked field.",
				item, bp);
			XFS_ERROR_REPORT("xlog_recover_do_inode_buf",
					 XFS_ERRLEVEL_LOW, mp);
			return -EFSCORRUPTED;
		}

		buffer_nextp = xfs_buf_offset(bp, next_unlinked_offset);
		*buffer_nextp = *logged_nextp;

		/*
		 * If necessary, recalculate the CRC in the on-disk inode. We
		 * have to leave the inode in a consistent state for whoever
		 * reads it next....
		 */
		xfs_dinode_calc_crc(mp,
				xfs_buf_offset(bp, i * mp->m_sb.sb_inodesize));

	}

	return 0;
}

/*
 * V5 filesystems know the age of the buffer on disk being recovered. We can
 * have newer objects on disk than we are replaying, and so for these cases we
 * don't want to replay the current change as that will make the buffer contents
 * temporarily invalid on disk.
 *
 * The magic number might not match the buffer type we are going to recover
 * (e.g. reallocated blocks), so we ignore the xfs_buf_log_format flags.  Hence
 * extract the LSN of the existing object in the buffer based on it's current
 * magic number.  If we don't recognise the magic number in the buffer, then
 * return a LSN of -1 so that the caller knows it was an unrecognised block and
 * so can recover the buffer.
 *
 * Note: we cannot rely solely on magic number matches to determine that the
 * buffer has a valid LSN - we also need to verify that it belongs to this
 * filesystem, so we need to extract the object's LSN and compare it to that
 * which we read from the superblock. If the UUIDs don't match, then we've got a
 * stale metadata block from an old filesystem instance that we need to recover
 * over the top of.
 */
static xfs_lsn_t
xlog_recover_get_buf_lsn(
	struct xfs_mount	*mp,
	struct xfs_buf		*bp)
{
	__uint32_t		magic32;
	__uint16_t		magic16;
	__uint16_t		magicda;
	void			*blk = bp->b_addr;
	uuid_t			*uuid;
	xfs_lsn_t		lsn = -1;

	/* v4 filesystems always recover immediately */
	if (!xfs_sb_version_hascrc(&mp->m_sb))
		goto recover_immediately;

	magic32 = be32_to_cpu(*(__be32 *)blk);
	switch (magic32) {
	case XFS_ABTB_CRC_MAGIC:
	case XFS_ABTC_CRC_MAGIC:
	case XFS_ABTB_MAGIC:
	case XFS_ABTC_MAGIC:
	case XFS_RMAP_CRC_MAGIC:
	case XFS_REFC_CRC_MAGIC:
	case XFS_IBT_CRC_MAGIC:
	case XFS_IBT_MAGIC: {
		struct xfs_btree_block *btb = blk;

		lsn = be64_to_cpu(btb->bb_u.s.bb_lsn);
		uuid = &btb->bb_u.s.bb_uuid;
		break;
	}
	case XFS_BMAP_CRC_MAGIC:
	case XFS_BMAP_MAGIC: {
		struct xfs_btree_block *btb = blk;

		lsn = be64_to_cpu(btb->bb_u.l.bb_lsn);
		uuid = &btb->bb_u.l.bb_uuid;
		break;
	}
	case XFS_AGF_MAGIC:
		lsn = be64_to_cpu(((struct xfs_agf *)blk)->agf_lsn);
		uuid = &((struct xfs_agf *)blk)->agf_uuid;
		break;
	case XFS_AGFL_MAGIC:
		lsn = be64_to_cpu(((struct xfs_agfl *)blk)->agfl_lsn);
		uuid = &((struct xfs_agfl *)blk)->agfl_uuid;
		break;
	case XFS_AGI_MAGIC:
		lsn = be64_to_cpu(((struct xfs_agi *)blk)->agi_lsn);
		uuid = &((struct xfs_agi *)blk)->agi_uuid;
		break;
	case XFS_SYMLINK_MAGIC:
		lsn = be64_to_cpu(((struct xfs_dsymlink_hdr *)blk)->sl_lsn);
		uuid = &((struct xfs_dsymlink_hdr *)blk)->sl_uuid;
		break;
	case XFS_DIR3_BLOCK_MAGIC:
	case XFS_DIR3_DATA_MAGIC:
	case XFS_DIR3_FREE_MAGIC:
		lsn = be64_to_cpu(((struct xfs_dir3_blk_hdr *)blk)->lsn);
		uuid = &((struct xfs_dir3_blk_hdr *)blk)->uuid;
		break;
	case XFS_ATTR3_RMT_MAGIC:
		/*
		 * Remote attr blocks are written synchronously, rather than
		 * being logged. That means they do not contain a valid LSN
		 * (i.e. transactionally ordered) in them, and hence any time we
		 * see a buffer to replay over the top of a remote attribute
		 * block we should simply do so.
		 */
		goto recover_immediately;
	case XFS_SB_MAGIC:
		/*
		 * superblock uuids are magic. We may or may not have a
		 * sb_meta_uuid on disk, but it will be set in the in-core
		 * superblock. We set the uuid pointer for verification
		 * according to the superblock feature mask to ensure we check
		 * the relevant UUID in the superblock.
		 */
		lsn = be64_to_cpu(((struct xfs_dsb *)blk)->sb_lsn);
		if (xfs_sb_version_hasmetauuid(&mp->m_sb))
			uuid = &((struct xfs_dsb *)blk)->sb_meta_uuid;
		else
			uuid = &((struct xfs_dsb *)blk)->sb_uuid;
		break;
	default:
		break;
	}

	if (lsn != (xfs_lsn_t)-1) {
		if (!uuid_equal(&mp->m_sb.sb_meta_uuid, uuid))
			goto recover_immediately;
		return lsn;
	}

	magicda = be16_to_cpu(((struct xfs_da_blkinfo *)blk)->magic);
	switch (magicda) {
	case XFS_DIR3_LEAF1_MAGIC:
	case XFS_DIR3_LEAFN_MAGIC:
	case XFS_DA3_NODE_MAGIC:
		lsn = be64_to_cpu(((struct xfs_da3_blkinfo *)blk)->lsn);
		uuid = &((struct xfs_da3_blkinfo *)blk)->uuid;
		break;
	default:
		break;
	}

	if (lsn != (xfs_lsn_t)-1) {
		if (!uuid_equal(&mp->m_sb.sb_uuid, uuid))
			goto recover_immediately;
		return lsn;
	}

	/*
	 * We do individual object checks on dquot and inode buffers as they
	 * have their own individual LSN records. Also, we could have a stale
	 * buffer here, so we have to at least recognise these buffer types.
	 *
	 * A notd complexity here is inode unlinked list processing - it logs
	 * the inode directly in the buffer, but we don't know which inodes have
	 * been modified, and there is no global buffer LSN. Hence we need to
	 * recover all inode buffer types immediately. This problem will be
	 * fixed by logical logging of the unlinked list modifications.
	 */
	magic16 = be16_to_cpu(*(__be16 *)blk);
	switch (magic16) {
	case XFS_DQUOT_MAGIC:
	case XFS_DINODE_MAGIC:
		goto recover_immediately;
	default:
		break;
	}

	/* unknown buffer contents, recover immediately */

recover_immediately:
	return (xfs_lsn_t)-1;

}

/*
 * Validate the recovered buffer is of the correct type and attach the
 * appropriate buffer operations to them for writeback. Magic numbers are in a
 * few places:
 *	the first 16 bits of the buffer (inode buffer, dquot buffer),
 *	the first 32 bits of the buffer (most blocks),
 *	inside a struct xfs_da_blkinfo at the start of the buffer.
 */
static void
xlog_recover_validate_buf_type(
	struct xfs_mount	*mp,
	struct xfs_buf		*bp,
	xfs_buf_log_format_t	*buf_f,
	xfs_lsn_t		current_lsn)
{
	struct xfs_da_blkinfo	*info = bp->b_addr;
	__uint32_t		magic32;
	__uint16_t		magic16;
	__uint16_t		magicda;
	char			*warnmsg = NULL;

	/*
	 * We can only do post recovery validation on items on CRC enabled
	 * fielsystems as we need to know when the buffer was written to be able
	 * to determine if we should have replayed the item. If we replay old
	 * metadata over a newer buffer, then it will enter a temporarily
	 * inconsistent state resulting in verification failures. Hence for now
	 * just avoid the verification stage for non-crc filesystems
	 */
	if (!xfs_sb_version_hascrc(&mp->m_sb))
		return;

	magic32 = be32_to_cpu(*(__be32 *)bp->b_addr);
	magic16 = be16_to_cpu(*(__be16*)bp->b_addr);
	magicda = be16_to_cpu(info->magic);
	switch (xfs_blft_from_flags(buf_f)) {
	case XFS_BLFT_BTREE_BUF:
		switch (magic32) {
		case XFS_ABTB_CRC_MAGIC:
		case XFS_ABTC_CRC_MAGIC:
		case XFS_ABTB_MAGIC:
		case XFS_ABTC_MAGIC:
			bp->b_ops = &xfs_allocbt_buf_ops;
			break;
		case XFS_IBT_CRC_MAGIC:
		case XFS_FIBT_CRC_MAGIC:
		case XFS_IBT_MAGIC:
		case XFS_FIBT_MAGIC:
			bp->b_ops = &xfs_inobt_buf_ops;
			break;
		case XFS_BMAP_CRC_MAGIC:
		case XFS_BMAP_MAGIC:
			bp->b_ops = &xfs_bmbt_buf_ops;
			break;
		case XFS_RMAP_CRC_MAGIC:
			bp->b_ops = &xfs_rmapbt_buf_ops;
			break;
		case XFS_REFC_CRC_MAGIC:
			bp->b_ops = &xfs_refcountbt_buf_ops;
			break;
		default:
			warnmsg = "Bad btree block magic!";
			break;
		}
		break;
	case XFS_BLFT_AGF_BUF:
		if (magic32 != XFS_AGF_MAGIC) {
			warnmsg = "Bad AGF block magic!";
			break;
		}
		bp->b_ops = &xfs_agf_buf_ops;
		break;
	case XFS_BLFT_AGFL_BUF:
		if (magic32 != XFS_AGFL_MAGIC) {
			warnmsg = "Bad AGFL block magic!";
			break;
		}
		bp->b_ops = &xfs_agfl_buf_ops;
		break;
	case XFS_BLFT_AGI_BUF:
		if (magic32 != XFS_AGI_MAGIC) {
			warnmsg = "Bad AGI block magic!";
			break;
		}
		bp->b_ops = &xfs_agi_buf_ops;
		break;
	case XFS_BLFT_UDQUOT_BUF:
	case XFS_BLFT_PDQUOT_BUF:
	case XFS_BLFT_GDQUOT_BUF:
#ifdef CONFIG_XFS_QUOTA
		if (magic16 != XFS_DQUOT_MAGIC) {
			warnmsg = "Bad DQUOT block magic!";
			break;
		}
		bp->b_ops = &xfs_dquot_buf_ops;
#else
		xfs_alert(mp,
	"Trying to recover dquots without QUOTA support built in!");
		ASSERT(0);
#endif
		break;
	case XFS_BLFT_DINO_BUF:
		if (magic16 != XFS_DINODE_MAGIC) {
			warnmsg = "Bad INODE block magic!";
			break;
		}
		bp->b_ops = &xfs_inode_buf_ops;
		break;
	case XFS_BLFT_SYMLINK_BUF:
		if (magic32 != XFS_SYMLINK_MAGIC) {
			warnmsg = "Bad symlink block magic!";
			break;
		}
		bp->b_ops = &xfs_symlink_buf_ops;
		break;
	case XFS_BLFT_DIR_BLOCK_BUF:
		if (magic32 != XFS_DIR2_BLOCK_MAGIC &&
		    magic32 != XFS_DIR3_BLOCK_MAGIC) {
			warnmsg = "Bad dir block magic!";
			break;
		}
		bp->b_ops = &xfs_dir3_block_buf_ops;
		break;
	case XFS_BLFT_DIR_DATA_BUF:
		if (magic32 != XFS_DIR2_DATA_MAGIC &&
		    magic32 != XFS_DIR3_DATA_MAGIC) {
			warnmsg = "Bad dir data magic!";
			break;
		}
		bp->b_ops = &xfs_dir3_data_buf_ops;
		break;
	case XFS_BLFT_DIR_FREE_BUF:
		if (magic32 != XFS_DIR2_FREE_MAGIC &&
		    magic32 != XFS_DIR3_FREE_MAGIC) {
			warnmsg = "Bad dir3 free magic!";
			break;
		}
		bp->b_ops = &xfs_dir3_free_buf_ops;
		break;
	case XFS_BLFT_DIR_LEAF1_BUF:
		if (magicda != XFS_DIR2_LEAF1_MAGIC &&
		    magicda != XFS_DIR3_LEAF1_MAGIC) {
			warnmsg = "Bad dir leaf1 magic!";
			break;
		}
		bp->b_ops = &xfs_dir3_leaf1_buf_ops;
		break;
	case XFS_BLFT_DIR_LEAFN_BUF:
		if (magicda != XFS_DIR2_LEAFN_MAGIC &&
		    magicda != XFS_DIR3_LEAFN_MAGIC) {
			warnmsg = "Bad dir leafn magic!";
			break;
		}
		bp->b_ops = &xfs_dir3_leafn_buf_ops;
		break;
	case XFS_BLFT_DA_NODE_BUF:
		if (magicda != XFS_DA_NODE_MAGIC &&
		    magicda != XFS_DA3_NODE_MAGIC) {
			warnmsg = "Bad da node magic!";
			break;
		}
		bp->b_ops = &xfs_da3_node_buf_ops;
		break;
	case XFS_BLFT_ATTR_LEAF_BUF:
		if (magicda != XFS_ATTR_LEAF_MAGIC &&
		    magicda != XFS_ATTR3_LEAF_MAGIC) {
			warnmsg = "Bad attr leaf magic!";
			break;
		}
		bp->b_ops = &xfs_attr3_leaf_buf_ops;
		break;
	case XFS_BLFT_ATTR_RMT_BUF:
		if (magic32 != XFS_ATTR3_RMT_MAGIC) {
			warnmsg = "Bad attr remote magic!";
			break;
		}
		bp->b_ops = &xfs_attr3_rmt_buf_ops;
		break;
	case XFS_BLFT_SB_BUF:
		if (magic32 != XFS_SB_MAGIC) {
			warnmsg = "Bad SB block magic!";
			break;
		}
		bp->b_ops = &xfs_sb_buf_ops;
		break;
#ifdef CONFIG_XFS_RT
	case XFS_BLFT_RTBITMAP_BUF:
	case XFS_BLFT_RTSUMMARY_BUF:
		/* no magic numbers for verification of RT buffers */
		bp->b_ops = &xfs_rtbuf_ops;
		break;
#endif /* CONFIG_XFS_RT */
	default:
		xfs_warn(mp, "Unknown buffer type %d!",
			 xfs_blft_from_flags(buf_f));
		break;
	}

	/*
	 * Nothing else to do in the case of a NULL current LSN as this means
	 * the buffer is more recent than the change in the log and will be
	 * skipped.
	 */
	if (current_lsn == NULLCOMMITLSN)
		return;

	if (warnmsg) {
		xfs_warn(mp, warnmsg);
		ASSERT(0);
	}

	/*
	 * We must update the metadata LSN of the buffer as it is written out to
	 * ensure that older transactions never replay over this one and corrupt
	 * the buffer. This can occur if log recovery is interrupted at some
	 * point after the current transaction completes, at which point a
	 * subsequent mount starts recovery from the beginning.
	 *
	 * Write verifiers update the metadata LSN from log items attached to
	 * the buffer. Therefore, initialize a bli purely to carry the LSN to
	 * the verifier. We'll clean it up in our ->iodone() callback.
	 */
	if (bp->b_ops) {
		struct xfs_buf_log_item	*bip;

		ASSERT(!bp->b_iodone || bp->b_iodone == xlog_recover_iodone);
		bp->b_iodone = xlog_recover_iodone;
		xfs_buf_item_init(bp, mp);
		bip = bp->b_fspriv;
		bip->bli_item.li_lsn = current_lsn;
	}
}

/*
 * Perform a 'normal' buffer recovery.  Each logged region of the
 * buffer should be copied over the corresponding region in the
 * given buffer.  The bitmap in the buf log format structure indicates
 * where to place the logged data.
 */
STATIC void
xlog_recover_do_reg_buffer(
	struct xfs_mount	*mp,
	xlog_recover_item_t	*item,
	struct xfs_buf		*bp,
	xfs_buf_log_format_t	*buf_f,
	xfs_lsn_t		current_lsn)
{
	int			i;
	int			bit;
	int			nbits;
	int                     error;

	trace_xfs_log_recover_buf_reg_buf(mp->m_log, buf_f);

	bit = 0;
	i = 1;  /* 0 is the buf format structure */
	while (1) {
		bit = xfs_next_bit(buf_f->blf_data_map,
				   buf_f->blf_map_size, bit);
		if (bit == -1)
			break;
		nbits = xfs_contig_bits(buf_f->blf_data_map,
					buf_f->blf_map_size, bit);
		ASSERT(nbits > 0);
		ASSERT(item->ri_buf[i].i_addr != NULL);
		ASSERT(item->ri_buf[i].i_len % XFS_BLF_CHUNK == 0);
		ASSERT(BBTOB(bp->b_io_length) >=
		       ((uint)bit << XFS_BLF_SHIFT) + (nbits << XFS_BLF_SHIFT));

		/*
		 * The dirty regions logged in the buffer, even though
		 * contiguous, may span multiple chunks. This is because the
		 * dirty region may span a physical page boundary in a buffer
		 * and hence be split into two separate vectors for writing into
		 * the log. Hence we need to trim nbits back to the length of
		 * the current region being copied out of the log.
		 */
		if (item->ri_buf[i].i_len < (nbits << XFS_BLF_SHIFT))
			nbits = item->ri_buf[i].i_len >> XFS_BLF_SHIFT;

		/*
		 * Do a sanity check if this is a dquot buffer. Just checking
		 * the first dquot in the buffer should do. XXXThis is
		 * probably a good thing to do for other buf types also.
		 */
		error = 0;
		if (buf_f->blf_flags &
		   (XFS_BLF_UDQUOT_BUF|XFS_BLF_PDQUOT_BUF|XFS_BLF_GDQUOT_BUF)) {
			if (item->ri_buf[i].i_addr == NULL) {
				xfs_alert(mp,
					"XFS: NULL dquot in %s.", __func__);
				goto next;
			}
			if (item->ri_buf[i].i_len < sizeof(xfs_disk_dquot_t)) {
				xfs_alert(mp,
					"XFS: dquot too small (%d) in %s.",
					item->ri_buf[i].i_len, __func__);
				goto next;
			}
			error = xfs_dqcheck(mp, item->ri_buf[i].i_addr,
					       -1, 0, XFS_QMOPT_DOWARN,
					       "dquot_buf_recover");
			if (error)
				goto next;
		}

		memcpy(xfs_buf_offset(bp,
			(uint)bit << XFS_BLF_SHIFT),	/* dest */
			item->ri_buf[i].i_addr,		/* source */
			nbits<<XFS_BLF_SHIFT);		/* length */
 next:
		i++;
		bit += nbits;
	}

	/* Shouldn't be any more regions */
	ASSERT(i == item->ri_total);

	xlog_recover_validate_buf_type(mp, bp, buf_f, current_lsn);
}

/*
 * Perform a dquot buffer recovery.
 * Simple algorithm: if we have found a QUOTAOFF log item of the same type
 * (ie. USR or GRP), then just toss this buffer away; don't recover it.
 * Else, treat it as a regular buffer and do recovery.
 *
 * Return false if the buffer was tossed and true if we recovered the buffer to
 * indicate to the caller if the buffer needs writing.
 */
STATIC bool
xlog_recover_do_dquot_buffer(
	struct xfs_mount		*mp,
	struct xlog			*log,
	struct xlog_recover_item	*item,
	struct xfs_buf			*bp,
	struct xfs_buf_log_format	*buf_f)
{
	uint			type;

	trace_xfs_log_recover_buf_dquot_buf(log, buf_f);

	/*
	 * Filesystems are required to send in quota flags at mount time.
	 */
	if (!mp->m_qflags)
		return false;

	type = 0;
	if (buf_f->blf_flags & XFS_BLF_UDQUOT_BUF)
		type |= XFS_DQ_USER;
	if (buf_f->blf_flags & XFS_BLF_PDQUOT_BUF)
		type |= XFS_DQ_PROJ;
	if (buf_f->blf_flags & XFS_BLF_GDQUOT_BUF)
		type |= XFS_DQ_GROUP;
	/*
	 * This type of quotas was turned off, so ignore this buffer
	 */
	if (log->l_quotaoffs_flag & type)
		return false;

	xlog_recover_do_reg_buffer(mp, item, bp, buf_f, NULLCOMMITLSN);
	return true;
}

/*
 * This routine replays a modification made to a buffer at runtime.
 * There are actually two types of buffer, regular and inode, which
 * are handled differently.  Inode buffers are handled differently
 * in that we only recover a specific set of data from them, namely
 * the inode di_next_unlinked fields.  This is because all other inode
 * data is actually logged via inode records and any data we replay
 * here which overlaps that may be stale.
 *
 * When meta-data buffers are freed at run time we log a buffer item
 * with the XFS_BLF_CANCEL bit set to indicate that previous copies
 * of the buffer in the log should not be replayed at recovery time.
 * This is so that if the blocks covered by the buffer are reused for
 * file data before we crash we don't end up replaying old, freed
 * meta-data into a user's file.
 *
 * To handle the cancellation of buffer log items, we make two passes
 * over the log during recovery.  During the first we build a table of
 * those buffers which have been cancelled, and during the second we
 * only replay those buffers which do not have corresponding cancel
 * records in the table.  See xlog_recover_buffer_pass[1,2] above
 * for more details on the implementation of the table of cancel records.
 */
STATIC int
xlog_recover_buffer_pass2(
	struct xlog			*log,
	struct list_head		*buffer_list,
	struct xlog_recover_item	*item,
	xfs_lsn_t			current_lsn)
{
	xfs_buf_log_format_t	*buf_f = item->ri_buf[0].i_addr;
	xfs_mount_t		*mp = log->l_mp;
	xfs_buf_t		*bp;
	int			error;
	uint			buf_flags;
	xfs_lsn_t		lsn;

	/*
	 * In this pass we only want to recover all the buffers which have
	 * not been cancelled and are not cancellation buffers themselves.
	 */
	if (xlog_check_buffer_cancelled(log, buf_f->blf_blkno,
			buf_f->blf_len, buf_f->blf_flags)) {
		trace_xfs_log_recover_buf_cancel(log, buf_f);
		return 0;
	}

	trace_xfs_log_recover_buf_recover(log, buf_f);

	buf_flags = 0;
	if (buf_f->blf_flags & XFS_BLF_INODE_BUF)
		buf_flags |= XBF_UNMAPPED;

	bp = xfs_buf_read(mp->m_ddev_targp, buf_f->blf_blkno, buf_f->blf_len,
			  buf_flags, NULL);
	if (!bp)
		return -ENOMEM;
	error = bp->b_error;
	if (error) {
		xfs_buf_ioerror_alert(bp, "xlog_recover_do..(read#1)");
		goto out_release;
	}

	/*
	 * Recover the buffer only if we get an LSN from it and it's less than
	 * the lsn of the transaction we are replaying.
	 *
	 * Note that we have to be extremely careful of readahead here.
	 * Readahead does not attach verfiers to the buffers so if we don't
	 * actually do any replay after readahead because of the LSN we found
	 * in the buffer if more recent than that current transaction then we
	 * need to attach the verifier directly. Failure to do so can lead to
	 * future recovery actions (e.g. EFI and unlinked list recovery) can
	 * operate on the buffers and they won't get the verifier attached. This
	 * can lead to blocks on disk having the correct content but a stale
	 * CRC.
	 *
	 * It is safe to assume these clean buffers are currently up to date.
	 * If the buffer is dirtied by a later transaction being replayed, then
	 * the verifier will be reset to match whatever recover turns that
	 * buffer into.
	 */
	lsn = xlog_recover_get_buf_lsn(mp, bp);
	if (lsn && lsn != -1 && XFS_LSN_CMP(lsn, current_lsn) >= 0) {
		trace_xfs_log_recover_buf_skip(log, buf_f);
		xlog_recover_validate_buf_type(mp, bp, buf_f, NULLCOMMITLSN);
		goto out_release;
	}

	if (buf_f->blf_flags & XFS_BLF_INODE_BUF) {
		error = xlog_recover_do_inode_buffer(mp, item, bp, buf_f);
		if (error)
			goto out_release;
	} else if (buf_f->blf_flags &
		  (XFS_BLF_UDQUOT_BUF|XFS_BLF_PDQUOT_BUF|XFS_BLF_GDQUOT_BUF)) {
		bool	dirty;

		dirty = xlog_recover_do_dquot_buffer(mp, log, item, bp, buf_f);
		if (!dirty)
			goto out_release;
	} else {
		xlog_recover_do_reg_buffer(mp, item, bp, buf_f, current_lsn);
	}

	/*
	 * Perform delayed write on the buffer.  Asynchronous writes will be
	 * slower when taking into account all the buffers to be flushed.
	 *
	 * Also make sure that only inode buffers with good sizes stay in
	 * the buffer cache.  The kernel moves inodes in buffers of 1 block
	 * or mp->m_inode_cluster_size bytes, whichever is bigger.  The inode
	 * buffers in the log can be a different size if the log was generated
	 * by an older kernel using unclustered inode buffers or a newer kernel
	 * running with a different inode cluster size.  Regardless, if the
	 * the inode buffer size isn't MAX(blocksize, mp->m_inode_cluster_size)
	 * for *our* value of mp->m_inode_cluster_size, then we need to keep
	 * the buffer out of the buffer cache so that the buffer won't
	 * overlap with future reads of those inodes.
	 */
	if (XFS_DINODE_MAGIC ==
	    be16_to_cpu(*((__be16 *)xfs_buf_offset(bp, 0))) &&
	    (BBTOB(bp->b_io_length) != MAX(log->l_mp->m_sb.sb_blocksize,
			(__uint32_t)log->l_mp->m_inode_cluster_size))) {
		xfs_buf_stale(bp);
		error = xfs_bwrite(bp);
	} else {
		ASSERT(bp->b_target->bt_mount == mp);
		bp->b_iodone = xlog_recover_iodone;
		xfs_buf_delwri_queue(bp, buffer_list);
	}

out_release:
	xfs_buf_relse(bp);
	return error;
}

/*
 * Inode fork owner changes
 *
 * If we have been told that we have to reparent the inode fork, it's because an
 * extent swap operation on a CRC enabled filesystem has been done and we are
 * replaying it. We need to walk the BMBT of the appropriate fork and change the
 * owners of it.
 *
 * The complexity here is that we don't have an inode context to work with, so
 * after we've replayed the inode we need to instantiate one.  This is where the
 * fun begins.
 *
 * We are in the middle of log recovery, so we can't run transactions. That
 * means we cannot use cache coherent inode instantiation via xfs_iget(), as
 * that will result in the corresponding iput() running the inode through
 * xfs_inactive(). If we've just replayed an inode core that changes the link
 * count to zero (i.e. it's been unlinked), then xfs_inactive() will run
 * transactions (bad!).
 *
 * So, to avoid this, we instantiate an inode directly from the inode core we've
 * just recovered. We have the buffer still locked, and all we really need to
 * instantiate is the inode core and the forks being modified. We can do this
 * manually, then run the inode btree owner change, and then tear down the
 * xfs_inode without having to run any transactions at all.
 *
 * Also, because we don't have a transaction context available here but need to
 * gather all the buffers we modify for writeback so we pass the buffer_list
 * instead for the operation to use.
 */

STATIC int
xfs_recover_inode_owner_change(
	struct xfs_mount	*mp,
	struct xfs_dinode	*dip,
	struct xfs_inode_log_format *in_f,
	struct list_head	*buffer_list)
{
	struct xfs_inode	*ip;
	int			error;

	ASSERT(in_f->ilf_fields & (XFS_ILOG_DOWNER|XFS_ILOG_AOWNER));

	ip = xfs_inode_alloc(mp, in_f->ilf_ino);
	if (!ip)
		return -ENOMEM;

	/* instantiate the inode */
	xfs_inode_from_disk(ip, dip);
	ASSERT(ip->i_d.di_version >= 3);

	error = xfs_iformat_fork(ip, dip);
	if (error)
		goto out_free_ip;


	if (in_f->ilf_fields & XFS_ILOG_DOWNER) {
		ASSERT(in_f->ilf_fields & XFS_ILOG_DBROOT);
		error = xfs_bmbt_change_owner(NULL, ip, XFS_DATA_FORK,
					      ip->i_ino, buffer_list);
		if (error)
			goto out_free_ip;
	}

	if (in_f->ilf_fields & XFS_ILOG_AOWNER) {
		ASSERT(in_f->ilf_fields & XFS_ILOG_ABROOT);
		error = xfs_bmbt_change_owner(NULL, ip, XFS_ATTR_FORK,
					      ip->i_ino, buffer_list);
		if (error)
			goto out_free_ip;
	}

out_free_ip:
	xfs_inode_free(ip);
	return error;
}

STATIC int
xlog_recover_inode_pass2(
	struct xlog			*log,
	struct list_head		*buffer_list,
	struct xlog_recover_item	*item,
	xfs_lsn_t			current_lsn)
{
	xfs_inode_log_format_t	*in_f;
	xfs_mount_t		*mp = log->l_mp;
	xfs_buf_t		*bp;
	xfs_dinode_t		*dip;
	int			len;
	char			*src;
	char			*dest;
	int			error;
	int			attr_index;
	uint			fields;
	struct xfs_log_dinode	*ldip;
	uint			isize;
	int			need_free = 0;

	if (item->ri_buf[0].i_len == sizeof(xfs_inode_log_format_t)) {
		in_f = item->ri_buf[0].i_addr;
	} else {
		in_f = kmem_alloc(sizeof(xfs_inode_log_format_t), KM_SLEEP);
		need_free = 1;
		error = xfs_inode_item_format_convert(&item->ri_buf[0], in_f);
		if (error)
			goto error;
	}

	/*
	 * Inode buffers can be freed, look out for it,
	 * and do not replay the inode.
	 */
	if (xlog_check_buffer_cancelled(log, in_f->ilf_blkno,
					in_f->ilf_len, 0)) {
		error = 0;
		trace_xfs_log_recover_inode_cancel(log, in_f);
		goto error;
	}
	trace_xfs_log_recover_inode_recover(log, in_f);

	bp = xfs_buf_read(mp->m_ddev_targp, in_f->ilf_blkno, in_f->ilf_len, 0,
			  &xfs_inode_buf_ops);
	if (!bp) {
		error = -ENOMEM;
		goto error;
	}
	error = bp->b_error;
	if (error) {
		xfs_buf_ioerror_alert(bp, "xlog_recover_do..(read#2)");
		goto out_release;
	}
	ASSERT(in_f->ilf_fields & XFS_ILOG_CORE);
	dip = xfs_buf_offset(bp, in_f->ilf_boffset);

	/*
	 * Make sure the place we're flushing out to really looks
	 * like an inode!
	 */
	if (unlikely(dip->di_magic != cpu_to_be16(XFS_DINODE_MAGIC))) {
		xfs_alert(mp,
	"%s: Bad inode magic number, dip = 0x%p, dino bp = 0x%p, ino = %Ld",
			__func__, dip, bp, in_f->ilf_ino);
		XFS_ERROR_REPORT("xlog_recover_inode_pass2(1)",
				 XFS_ERRLEVEL_LOW, mp);
		error = -EFSCORRUPTED;
		goto out_release;
	}
	ldip = item->ri_buf[1].i_addr;
	if (unlikely(ldip->di_magic != XFS_DINODE_MAGIC)) {
		xfs_alert(mp,
			"%s: Bad inode log record, rec ptr 0x%p, ino %Ld",
			__func__, item, in_f->ilf_ino);
		XFS_ERROR_REPORT("xlog_recover_inode_pass2(2)",
				 XFS_ERRLEVEL_LOW, mp);
		error = -EFSCORRUPTED;
		goto out_release;
	}

	/*
	 * If the inode has an LSN in it, recover the inode only if it's less
	 * than the lsn of the transaction we are replaying. Note: we still
	 * need to replay an owner change even though the inode is more recent
	 * than the transaction as there is no guarantee that all the btree
	 * blocks are more recent than this transaction, too.
	 */
	if (dip->di_version >= 3) {
		xfs_lsn_t	lsn = be64_to_cpu(dip->di_lsn);

		if (lsn && lsn != -1 && XFS_LSN_CMP(lsn, current_lsn) >= 0) {
			trace_xfs_log_recover_inode_skip(log, in_f);
			error = 0;
			goto out_owner_change;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * di_flushiter is only valid for v1/2 inodes. All changes for v3 inodes
	 * are transactional and if ordering is necessary we can determine that
	 * more accurately by the LSN field in the V3 inode core. Don't trust
	 * the inode versions we might be changing them here - use the
	 * superblock flag to determine whether we need to look at di_flushiter
	 * to skip replay when the on disk inode is newer than the log one
	 */
	if (!xfs_sb_version_hascrc(&mp->m_sb) &&
	    ldip->di_flushiter < be16_to_cpu(dip->di_flushiter)) {
		/*
		 * Deal with the wrap case, DI_MAX_FLUSH is less
		 * than smaller numbers
		 */
		if (be16_to_cpu(dip->di_flushiter) == DI_MAX_FLUSH &&
		    ldip->di_flushiter < (DI_MAX_FLUSH >> 1)) {
			/* do nothing */
		} else {
			trace_xfs_log_recover_inode_skip(log, in_f);
			error = 0;
			goto out_release;
		}
	}

	/* Take the opportunity to reset the flush iteration count */
	ldip->di_flushiter = 0;

	if (unlikely(S_ISREG(ldip->di_mode))) {
		if ((ldip->di_format != XFS_DINODE_FMT_EXTENTS) &&
		    (ldip->di_format != XFS_DINODE_FMT_BTREE)) {
			XFS_CORRUPTION_ERROR("xlog_recover_inode_pass2(3)",
					 XFS_ERRLEVEL_LOW, mp, ldip);
			xfs_alert(mp,
		"%s: Bad regular inode log record, rec ptr 0x%p, "
		"ino ptr = 0x%p, ino bp = 0x%p, ino %Ld",
				__func__, item, dip, bp, in_f->ilf_ino);
			error = -EFSCORRUPTED;
			goto out_release;
		}
	} else if (unlikely(S_ISDIR(ldip->di_mode))) {
		if ((ldip->di_format != XFS_DINODE_FMT_EXTENTS) &&
		    (ldip->di_format != XFS_DINODE_FMT_BTREE) &&
		    (ldip->di_format != XFS_DINODE_FMT_LOCAL)) {
			XFS_CORRUPTION_ERROR("xlog_recover_inode_pass2(4)",
					     XFS_ERRLEVEL_LOW, mp, ldip);
			xfs_alert(mp,
		"%s: Bad dir inode log record, rec ptr 0x%p, "
		"ino ptr = 0x%p, ino bp = 0x%p, ino %Ld",
				__func__, item, dip, bp, in_f->ilf_ino);
			error = -EFSCORRUPTED;
			goto out_release;
		}
	}
	if (unlikely(ldip->di_nextents + ldip->di_anextents > ldip->di_nblocks)){
		XFS_CORRUPTION_ERROR("xlog_recover_inode_pass2(5)",
				     XFS_ERRLEVEL_LOW, mp, ldip);
		xfs_alert(mp,
	"%s: Bad inode log record, rec ptr 0x%p, dino ptr 0x%p, "
	"dino bp 0x%p, ino %Ld, total extents = %d, nblocks = %Ld",
			__func__, item, dip, bp, in_f->ilf_ino,
			ldip->di_nextents + ldip->di_anextents,
			ldip->di_nblocks);
		error = -EFSCORRUPTED;
		goto out_release;
	}
	if (unlikely(ldip->di_forkoff > mp->m_sb.sb_inodesize)) {
		XFS_CORRUPTION_ERROR("xlog_recover_inode_pass2(6)",
				     XFS_ERRLEVEL_LOW, mp, ldip);
		xfs_alert(mp,
	"%s: Bad inode log record, rec ptr 0x%p, dino ptr 0x%p, "
	"dino bp 0x%p, ino %Ld, forkoff 0x%x", __func__,
			item, dip, bp, in_f->ilf_ino, ldip->di_forkoff);
		error = -EFSCORRUPTED;
		goto out_release;
	}
	isize = xfs_log_dinode_size(ldip->di_version);
	if (unlikely(item->ri_buf[1].i_len > isize)) {
		XFS_CORRUPTION_ERROR("xlog_recover_inode_pass2(7)",
				     XFS_ERRLEVEL_LOW, mp, ldip);
		xfs_alert(mp,
			"%s: Bad inode log record length %d, rec ptr 0x%p",
			__func__, item->ri_buf[1].i_len, item);
		error = -EFSCORRUPTED;
		goto out_release;
	}

	/* recover the log dinode inode into the on disk inode */
	xfs_log_dinode_to_disk(ldip, dip);

	/* the rest is in on-disk format */
	if (item->ri_buf[1].i_len > isize) {
		memcpy((char *)dip + isize,
			item->ri_buf[1].i_addr + isize,
			item->ri_buf[1].i_len - isize);
	}

	fields = in_f->ilf_fields;
	switch (fields & (XFS_ILOG_DEV | XFS_ILOG_UUID)) {
	case XFS_ILOG_DEV:
		xfs_dinode_put_rdev(dip, in_f->ilf_u.ilfu_rdev);
		break;
	case XFS_ILOG_UUID:
		memcpy(XFS_DFORK_DPTR(dip),
		       &in_f->ilf_u.ilfu_uuid,
		       sizeof(uuid_t));
		break;
	}

	if (in_f->ilf_size == 2)
		goto out_owner_change;
	len = item->ri_buf[2].i_len;
	src = item->ri_buf[2].i_addr;
	ASSERT(in_f->ilf_size <= 4);
	ASSERT((in_f->ilf_size == 3) || (fields & XFS_ILOG_AFORK));
	ASSERT(!(fields & XFS_ILOG_DFORK) ||
	       (len == in_f->ilf_dsize));

	switch (fields & XFS_ILOG_DFORK) {
	case XFS_ILOG_DDATA:
	case XFS_ILOG_DEXT:
		memcpy(XFS_DFORK_DPTR(dip), src, len);
		break;

	case XFS_ILOG_DBROOT:
		xfs_bmbt_to_bmdr(mp, (struct xfs_btree_block *)src, len,
				 (xfs_bmdr_block_t *)XFS_DFORK_DPTR(dip),
				 XFS_DFORK_DSIZE(dip, mp));
		break;

	default:
		/*
		 * There are no data fork flags set.
		 */
		ASSERT((fields & XFS_ILOG_DFORK) == 0);
		break;
	}

	/*
	 * If we logged any attribute data, recover it.  There may or
	 * may not have been any other non-core data logged in this
	 * transaction.
	 */
	if (in_f->ilf_fields & XFS_ILOG_AFORK) {
		if (in_f->ilf_fields & XFS_ILOG_DFORK) {
			attr_index = 3;
		} else {
			attr_index = 2;
		}
		len = item->ri_buf[attr_index].i_len;
		src = item->ri_buf[attr_index].i_addr;
		ASSERT(len == in_f->ilf_asize);

		switch (in_f->ilf_fields & XFS_ILOG_AFORK) {
		case XFS_ILOG_ADATA:
		case XFS_ILOG_AEXT:
			dest = XFS_DFORK_APTR(dip);
			ASSERT(len <= XFS_DFORK_ASIZE(dip, mp));
			memcpy(dest, src, len);
			break;

		case XFS_ILOG_ABROOT:
			dest = XFS_DFORK_APTR(dip);
			xfs_bmbt_to_bmdr(mp, (struct xfs_btree_block *)src,
					 len, (xfs_bmdr_block_t*)dest,
					 XFS_DFORK_ASIZE(dip, mp));
			break;

		default:
			xfs_warn(log->l_mp, "%s: Invalid flag", __func__);
			ASSERT(0);
			error = -EIO;
			goto out_release;
		}
	}

out_owner_change:
	if (in_f->ilf_fields & (XFS_ILOG_DOWNER|XFS_ILOG_AOWNER))
		error = xfs_recover_inode_owner_change(mp, dip, in_f,
						       buffer_list);
	/* re-generate the checksum. */
	xfs_dinode_calc_crc(log->l_mp, dip);

	ASSERT(bp->b_target->bt_mount == mp);
	bp->b_iodone = xlog_recover_iodone;
	xfs_buf_delwri_queue(bp, buffer_list);

out_release:
	xfs_buf_relse(bp);
error:
	if (need_free)
		kmem_free(in_f);
	return error;
}

/*
 * Recover QUOTAOFF records. We simply make a note of it in the xlog
 * structure, so that we know not to do any dquot item or dquot buffer recovery,
 * of that type.
 */
STATIC int
xlog_recover_quotaoff_pass1(
	struct xlog			*log,
	struct xlog_recover_item	*item)
{
	xfs_qoff_logformat_t	*qoff_f = item->ri_buf[0].i_addr;
	ASSERT(qoff_f);

	/*
	 * The logitem format's flag tells us if this was user quotaoff,
	 * group/project quotaoff or both.
	 */
	if (qoff_f->qf_flags & XFS_UQUOTA_ACCT)
		log->l_quotaoffs_flag |= XFS_DQ_USER;
	if (qoff_f->qf_flags & XFS_PQUOTA_ACCT)
		log->l_quotaoffs_flag |= XFS_DQ_PROJ;
	if (qoff_f->qf_flags & XFS_GQUOTA_ACCT)
		log->l_quotaoffs_flag |= XFS_DQ_GROUP;

	return 0;
}

/*
 * Recover a dquot record
 */
STATIC int
xlog_recover_dquot_pass2(
	struct xlog			*log,
	struct list_head		*buffer_list,
	struct xlog_recover_item	*item,
	xfs_lsn_t			current_lsn)
{
	xfs_mount_t		*mp = log->l_mp;
	xfs_buf_t		*bp;
	struct xfs_disk_dquot	*ddq, *recddq;
	int			error;
	xfs_dq_logformat_t	*dq_f;
	uint			type;


	/*
	 * Filesystems are required to send in quota flags at mount time.
	 */
	if (mp->m_qflags == 0)
		return 0;

	recddq = item->ri_buf[1].i_addr;
	if (recddq == NULL) {
		xfs_alert(log->l_mp, "NULL dquot in %s.", __func__);
		return -EIO;
	}
	if (item->ri_buf[1].i_len < sizeof(xfs_disk_dquot_t)) {
		xfs_alert(log->l_mp, "dquot too small (%d) in %s.",
			item->ri_buf[1].i_len, __func__);
		return -EIO;
	}

	/*
	 * This type of quotas was turned off, so ignore this record.
	 */
	type = recddq->d_flags & (XFS_DQ_USER | XFS_DQ_PROJ | XFS_DQ_GROUP);
	ASSERT(type);
	if (log->l_quotaoffs_flag & type)
		return 0;

	/*
	 * At this point we know that quota was _not_ turned off.
	 * Since the mount flags are not indicating to us otherwise, this
	 * must mean that quota is on, and the dquot needs to be replayed.
	 * Remember that we may not have fully recovered the superblock yet,
	 * so we can't do the usual trick of looking at the SB quota bits.
	 *
	 * The other possibility, of course, is that the quota subsystem was
	 * removed since the last mount - ENOSYS.
	 */
	dq_f = item->ri_buf[0].i_addr;
	ASSERT(dq_f);
	error = xfs_dqcheck(mp, recddq, dq_f->qlf_id, 0, XFS_QMOPT_DOWARN,
			   "xlog_recover_dquot_pass2 (log copy)");
	if (error)
		return -EIO;
	ASSERT(dq_f->qlf_len == 1);

	/*
	 * At this point we are assuming that the dquots have been allocated
	 * and hence the buffer has valid dquots stamped in it. It should,
	 * therefore, pass verifier validation. If the dquot is bad, then the
	 * we'll return an error here, so we don't need to specifically check
	 * the dquot in the buffer after the verifier has run.
	 */
	error = xfs_trans_read_buf(mp, NULL, mp->m_ddev_targp, dq_f->qlf_blkno,
				   XFS_FSB_TO_BB(mp, dq_f->qlf_len), 0, &bp,
				   &xfs_dquot_buf_ops);
	if (error)
		return error;

	ASSERT(bp);
	ddq = xfs_buf_offset(bp, dq_f->qlf_boffset);

	/*
	 * If the dquot has an LSN in it, recover the dquot only if it's less
	 * than the lsn of the transaction we are replaying.
	 */
	if (xfs_sb_version_hascrc(&mp->m_sb)) {
		struct xfs_dqblk *dqb = (struct xfs_dqblk *)ddq;
		xfs_lsn_t	lsn = be64_to_cpu(dqb->dd_lsn);

		if (lsn && lsn != -1 && XFS_LSN_CMP(lsn, current_lsn) >= 0) {
			goto out_release;
		}
	}

	memcpy(ddq, recddq, item->ri_buf[1].i_len);
	if (xfs_sb_version_hascrc(&mp->m_sb)) {
		xfs_update_cksum((char *)ddq, sizeof(struct xfs_dqblk),
				 XFS_DQUOT_CRC_OFF);
	}

	ASSERT(dq_f->qlf_size == 2);
	ASSERT(bp->b_target->bt_mount == mp);
	bp->b_iodone = xlog_recover_iodone;
	xfs_buf_delwri_queue(bp, buffer_list);

out_release:
	xfs_buf_relse(bp);
	return 0;
}

/*
 * This routine is called to create an in-core extent free intent
 * item from the efi format structure which was logged on disk.
 * It allocates an in-core efi, copies the extents from the format
 * structure into it, and adds the efi to the AIL with the given
 * LSN.
 */
STATIC int
xlog_recover_efi_pass2(
	struct xlog			*log,
	struct xlog_recover_item	*item,
	xfs_lsn_t			lsn)
{
	int				error;
	struct xfs_mount		*mp = log->l_mp;
	struct xfs_efi_log_item		*efip;
	struct xfs_efi_log_format	*efi_formatp;

	efi_formatp = item->ri_buf[0].i_addr;

	efip = xfs_efi_init(mp, efi_formatp->efi_nextents);
	error = xfs_efi_copy_format(&item->ri_buf[0], &efip->efi_format);
	if (error) {
		xfs_efi_item_free(efip);
		return error;
	}
	atomic_set(&efip->efi_next_extent, efi_formatp->efi_nextents);

	spin_lock(&log->l_ailp->xa_lock);
	/*
	 * The EFI has two references. One for the EFD and one for EFI to ensure
	 * it makes it into the AIL. Insert the EFI into the AIL directly and
	 * drop the EFI reference. Note that xfs_trans_ail_update() drops the
	 * AIL lock.
	 */
	xfs_trans_ail_update(log->l_ailp, &efip->efi_item, lsn);
	xfs_efi_release(efip);
	return 0;
}


/*
 * This routine is called when an EFD format structure is found in a committed
 * transaction in the log. Its purpose is to cancel the corresponding EFI if it
 * was still in the log. To do this it searches the AIL for the EFI with an id
 * equal to that in the EFD format structure. If we find it we drop the EFD
 * reference, which removes the EFI from the AIL and frees it.
 */
STATIC int
xlog_recover_efd_pass2(
	struct xlog			*log,
	struct xlog_recover_item	*item)
{
	xfs_efd_log_format_t	*efd_formatp;
	xfs_efi_log_item_t	*efip = NULL;
	xfs_log_item_t		*lip;
	__uint64_t		efi_id;
	struct xfs_ail_cursor	cur;
	struct xfs_ail		*ailp = log->l_ailp;

	efd_formatp = item->ri_buf[0].i_addr;
	ASSERT((item->ri_buf[0].i_len == (sizeof(xfs_efd_log_format_32_t) +
		((efd_formatp->efd_nextents - 1) * sizeof(xfs_extent_32_t)))) ||
	       (item->ri_buf[0].i_len == (sizeof(xfs_efd_log_format_64_t) +
		((efd_formatp->efd_nextents - 1) * sizeof(xfs_extent_64_t)))));
	efi_id = efd_formatp->efd_efi_id;

	/*
	 * Search for the EFI with the id in the EFD format structure in the
	 * AIL.
	 */
	spin_lock(&ailp->xa_lock);
	lip = xfs_trans_ail_cursor_first(ailp, &cur, 0);
	while (lip != NULL) {
		if (lip->li_type == XFS_LI_EFI) {
			efip = (xfs_efi_log_item_t *)lip;
			if (efip->efi_format.efi_id == efi_id) {
				/*
				 * Drop the EFD reference to the EFI. This
				 * removes the EFI from the AIL and frees it.
				 */
				spin_unlock(&ailp->xa_lock);
				xfs_efi_release(efip);
				spin_lock(&ailp->xa_lock);
				break;
			}
		}
		lip = xfs_trans_ail_cursor_next(ailp, &cur);
	}

	xfs_trans_ail_cursor_done(&cur);
	spin_unlock(&ailp->xa_lock);

	return 0;
}

/*
 * This routine is called to create an in-core extent rmap update
 * item from the rui format structure which was logged on disk.
 * It allocates an in-core rui, copies the extents from the format
 * structure into it, and adds the rui to the AIL with the given
 * LSN.
 */
STATIC int
xlog_recover_rui_pass2(
	struct xlog			*log,
	struct xlog_recover_item	*item,
	xfs_lsn_t			lsn)
{
	int				error;
	struct xfs_mount		*mp = log->l_mp;
	struct xfs_rui_log_item		*ruip;
	struct xfs_rui_log_format	*rui_formatp;

	rui_formatp = item->ri_buf[0].i_addr;

	ruip = xfs_rui_init(mp, rui_formatp->rui_nextents);
	error = xfs_rui_copy_format(&item->ri_buf[0], &ruip->rui_format);
	if (error) {
		xfs_rui_item_free(ruip);
		return error;
	}
	atomic_set(&ruip->rui_next_extent, rui_formatp->rui_nextents);

	spin_lock(&log->l_ailp->xa_lock);
	/*
	 * The RUI has two references. One for the RUD and one for RUI to ensure
	 * it makes it into the AIL. Insert the RUI into the AIL directly and
	 * drop the RUI reference. Note that xfs_trans_ail_update() drops the
	 * AIL lock.
	 */
	xfs_trans_ail_update(log->l_ailp, &ruip->rui_item, lsn);
	xfs_rui_release(ruip);
	return 0;
}


/*
 * This routine is called when an RUD format structure is found in a committed
 * transaction in the log. Its purpose is to cancel the corresponding RUI if it
 * was still in the log. To do this it searches the AIL for the RUI with an id
 * equal to that in the RUD format structure. If we find it we drop the RUD
 * reference, which removes the RUI from the AIL and frees it.
 */
STATIC int
xlog_recover_rud_pass2(
	struct xlog			*log,
	struct xlog_recover_item	*item)
{
	struct xfs_rud_log_format	*rud_formatp;
	struct xfs_rui_log_item		*ruip = NULL;
	struct xfs_log_item		*lip;
	__uint64_t			rui_id;
	struct xfs_ail_cursor		cur;
	struct xfs_ail			*ailp = log->l_ailp;

	rud_formatp = item->ri_buf[0].i_addr;
	ASSERT(item->ri_buf[0].i_len == sizeof(struct xfs_rud_log_format));
	rui_id = rud_formatp->rud_rui_id;

	/*
	 * Search for the RUI with the id in the RUD format structure in the
	 * AIL.
	 */
	spin_lock(&ailp->xa_lock);
	lip = xfs_trans_ail_cursor_first(ailp, &cur, 0);
	while (lip != NULL) {
		if (lip->li_type == XFS_LI_RUI) {
			ruip = (struct xfs_rui_log_item *)lip;
			if (ruip->rui_format.rui_id == rui_id) {
				/*
				 * Drop the RUD reference to the RUI. This
				 * removes the RUI from the AIL and frees it.
				 */
				spin_unlock(&ailp->xa_lock);
				xfs_rui_release(ruip);
				spin_lock(&ailp->xa_lock);
				break;
			}
		}
		lip = xfs_trans_ail_cursor_next(ailp, &cur);
	}

	xfs_trans_ail_cursor_done(&cur);
	spin_unlock(&ailp->xa_lock);

	return 0;
}

/*
 * Copy an CUI format buffer from the given buf, and into the destination
 * CUI format structure.  The CUI/CUD items were designed not to need any
 * special alignment handling.
 */
static int
xfs_cui_copy_format(
	struct xfs_log_iovec		*buf,
	struct xfs_cui_log_format	*dst_cui_fmt)
{
	struct xfs_cui_log_format	*src_cui_fmt;
	uint				len;

	src_cui_fmt = buf->i_addr;
	len = xfs_cui_log_format_sizeof(src_cui_fmt->cui_nextents);

	if (buf->i_len == len) {
		memcpy(dst_cui_fmt, src_cui_fmt, len);
		return 0;
	}
	return -EFSCORRUPTED;
}

/*
 * This routine is called to create an in-core extent refcount update
 * item from the cui format structure which was logged on disk.
 * It allocates an in-core cui, copies the extents from the format
 * structure into it, and adds the cui to the AIL with the given
 * LSN.
 */
STATIC int
xlog_recover_cui_pass2(
	struct xlog			*log,
	struct xlog_recover_item	*item,
	xfs_lsn_t			lsn)
{
	int				error;
	struct xfs_mount		*mp = log->l_mp;
	struct xfs_cui_log_item		*cuip;
	struct xfs_cui_log_format	*cui_formatp;

	cui_formatp = item->ri_buf[0].i_addr;

	cuip = xfs_cui_init(mp, cui_formatp->cui_nextents);
	error = xfs_cui_copy_format(&item->ri_buf[0], &cuip->cui_format);
	if (error) {
		xfs_cui_item_free(cuip);
		return error;
	}
	atomic_set(&cuip->cui_next_extent, cui_formatp->cui_nextents);

	spin_lock(&log->l_ailp->xa_lock);
	/*
	 * The CUI has two references. One for the CUD and one for CUI to ensure
	 * it makes it into the AIL. Insert the CUI into the AIL directly and
	 * drop the CUI reference. Note that xfs_trans_ail_update() drops the
	 * AIL lock.
	 */
	xfs_trans_ail_update(log->l_ailp, &cuip->cui_item, lsn);
	xfs_cui_release(cuip);
	return 0;
}


/*
 * This routine is called when an CUD format structure is found in a committed
 * transaction in the log. Its purpose is to cancel the corresponding CUI if it
 * was still in the log. To do this it searches the AIL for the CUI with an id
 * equal to that in the CUD format structure. If we find it we drop the CUD
 * reference, which removes the CUI from the AIL and frees it.
 */
STATIC int
xlog_recover_cud_pass2(
	struct xlog			*log,
	struct xlog_recover_item	*item)
{
	struct xfs_cud_log_format	*cud_formatp;
	struct xfs_cui_log_item		*cuip = NULL;
	struct xfs_log_item		*lip;
	__uint64_t			cui_id;
	struct xfs_ail_cursor		cur;
	struct xfs_ail			*ailp = log->l_ailp;

	cud_formatp = item->ri_buf[0].i_addr;
	if (item->ri_buf[0].i_len != sizeof(struct xfs_cud_log_format))
		return -EFSCORRUPTED;
	cui_id = cud_formatp->cud_cui_id;

	/*
	 * Search for the CUI with the id in the CUD format structure in the
	 * AIL.
	 */
	spin_lock(&ailp->xa_lock);
	lip = xfs_trans_ail_cursor_first(ailp, &cur, 0);
	while (lip != NULL) {
		if (lip->li_type == XFS_LI_CUI) {
			cuip = (struct xfs_cui_log_item *)lip;
			if (cuip->cui_format.cui_id == cui_id) {
				/*
				 * Drop the CUD reference to the CUI. This
				 * removes the CUI from the AIL and frees it.
				 */
				spin_unlock(&ailp->xa_lock);
				xfs_cui_release(cuip);
				spin_lock(&ailp->xa_lock);
				break;
			}
		}
		lip = xfs_trans_ail_cursor_next(ailp, &cur);
	}

	xfs_trans_ail_cursor_done(&cur);
	spin_unlock(&ailp->xa_lock);

	return 0;
}

/*
 * Copy an BUI format buffer from the given buf, and into the destination
 * BUI format structure.  The BUI/BUD items were designed not to need any
 * special alignment handling.
 */
static int
xfs_bui_copy_format(
	struct xfs_log_iovec		*buf,
	struct xfs_bui_log_format	*dst_bui_fmt)
{
	struct xfs_bui_log_format	*src_bui_fmt;
	uint				len;

	src_bui_fmt = buf->i_addr;
	len = xfs_bui_log_format_sizeof(src_bui_fmt->bui_nextents);

	if (buf->i_len == len) {
		memcpy(dst_bui_fmt, src_bui_fmt, len);
		return 0;
	}
	return -EFSCORRUPTED;
}

/*
 * This routine is called to create an in-core extent bmap update
 * item from the bui format structure which was logged on disk.
 * It allocates an in-core bui, copies the extents from the format
 * structure into it, and adds the bui to the AIL with the given
 * LSN.
 */
STATIC int
xlog_recover_bui_pass2(
	struct xlog			*log,
	struct xlog_recover_item	*item,
	xfs_lsn_t			lsn)
{
	int				error;
	struct xfs_mount		*mp = log->l_mp;
	struct xfs_bui_log_item		*buip;
	struct xfs_bui_log_format	*bui_formatp;

	bui_formatp = item->ri_buf[0].i_addr;

	if (bui_formatp->bui_nextents != XFS_BUI_MAX_FAST_EXTENTS)
		return -EFSCORRUPTED;
	buip = xfs_bui_init(mp);
	error = xfs_bui_copy_format(&item->ri_buf[0], &buip->bui_format);
	if (error) {
		xfs_bui_item_free(buip);
		return error;
	}
	atomic_set(&buip->bui_next_extent, bui_formatp->bui_nextents);

	spin_lock(&log->l_ailp->xa_lock);
	/*
	 * The RUI has two references. One for the RUD and one for RUI to ensure
	 * it makes it into the AIL. Insert the RUI into the AIL directly and
	 * drop the RUI reference. Note that xfs_trans_ail_update() drops the
	 * AIL lock.
	 */
	xfs_trans_ail_update(log->l_ailp, &buip->bui_item, lsn);
	xfs_bui_release(buip);
	return 0;
}


/*
 * This routine is called when an BUD format structure is found in a committed
 * transaction in the log. Its purpose is to cancel the corresponding BUI if it
 * was still in the log. To do this it searches the AIL for the BUI with an id
 * equal to that in the BUD format structure. If we find it we drop the BUD
 * reference, which removes the BUI from the AIL and frees it.
 */
STATIC int
xlog_recover_bud_pass2(
	struct xlog			*log,
	struct xlog_recover_item	*item)
{
	struct xfs_bud_log_format	*bud_formatp;
	struct xfs_bui_log_item		*buip = NULL;
	struct xfs_log_item		*lip;
	__uint64_t			bui_id;
	struct xfs_ail_cursor		cur;
	struct xfs_ail			*ailp = log->l_ailp;

	bud_formatp = item->ri_buf[0].i_addr;
	if (item->ri_buf[0].i_len != sizeof(struct xfs_bud_log_format))
		return -EFSCORRUPTED;
	bui_id = bud_formatp->bud_bui_id;

	/*
	 * Search for the BUI with the id in the BUD format structure in the
	 * AIL.
	 */
	spin_lock(&ailp->xa_lock);
	lip = xfs_trans_ail_cursor_first(ailp, &cur, 0);
	while (lip != NULL) {
		if (lip->li_type == XFS_LI_BUI) {
			buip = (struct xfs_bui_log_item *)lip;
			if (buip->bui_format.bui_id == bui_id) {
				/*
				 * Drop the BUD reference to the BUI. This
				 * removes the BUI from the AIL and frees it.
				 */
				spin_unlock(&ailp->xa_lock);
				xfs_bui_release(buip);
				spin_lock(&ailp->xa_lock);
				break;
			}
		}
		lip = xfs_trans_ail_cursor_next(ailp, &cur);
	}

	xfs_trans_ail_cursor_done(&cur);
	spin_unlock(&ailp->xa_lock);

	return 0;
}

/*
 * This routine is called when an inode create format structure is found in a
 * committed transaction in the log.  It's purpose is to initialise the inodes
 * being allocated on disk. This requires us to get inode cluster buffers that
 * match the range to be intialised, stamped with inode templates and written
 * by delayed write so that subsequent modifications will hit the cached buffer
 * and only need writing out at the end of recovery.
 */
STATIC int
xlog_recover_do_icreate_pass2(
	struct xlog		*log,
	struct list_head	*buffer_list,
	xlog_recover_item_t	*item)
{
	struct xfs_mount	*mp = log->l_mp;
	struct xfs_icreate_log	*icl;
	xfs_agnumber_t		agno;
	xfs_agblock_t		agbno;
	unsigned int		count;
	unsigned int		isize;
	xfs_agblock_t		length;
	int			blks_per_cluster;
	int			bb_per_cluster;
	int			cancel_count;
	int			nbufs;
	int			i;

	icl = (struct xfs_icreate_log *)item->ri_buf[0].i_addr;
	if (icl->icl_type != XFS_LI_ICREATE) {
		xfs_warn(log->l_mp, "xlog_recover_do_icreate_trans: bad type");
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	if (icl->icl_size != 1) {
		xfs_warn(log->l_mp, "xlog_recover_do_icreate_trans: bad icl size");
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	agno = be32_to_cpu(icl->icl_ag);
	if (agno >= mp->m_sb.sb_agcount) {
		xfs_warn(log->l_mp, "xlog_recover_do_icreate_trans: bad agno");
		return -EINVAL;
	}
	agbno = be32_to_cpu(icl->icl_agbno);
	if (!agbno || agbno == NULLAGBLOCK || agbno >= mp->m_sb.sb_agblocks) {
		xfs_warn(log->l_mp, "xlog_recover_do_icreate_trans: bad agbno");
		return -EINVAL;
	}
	isize = be32_to_cpu(icl->icl_isize);
	if (isize != mp->m_sb.sb_inodesize) {
		xfs_warn(log->l_mp, "xlog_recover_do_icreate_trans: bad isize");
		return -EINVAL;
	}
	count = be32_to_cpu(icl->icl_count);
	if (!count) {
		xfs_warn(log->l_mp, "xlog_recover_do_icreate_trans: bad count");
		return -EINVAL;
	}
	length = be32_to_cpu(icl->icl_length);
	if (!length || length >= mp->m_sb.sb_agblocks) {
		xfs_warn(log->l_mp, "xlog_recover_do_icreate_trans: bad length");
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	/*
	 * The inode chunk is either full or sparse and we only support
	 * m_ialloc_min_blks sized sparse allocations at this time.
	 */
	if (length != mp->m_ialloc_blks &&
	    length != mp->m_ialloc_min_blks) {
		xfs_warn(log->l_mp,
			 "%s: unsupported chunk length", __FUNCTION__);
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	/* verify inode count is consistent with extent length */
	if ((count >> mp->m_sb.sb_inopblog) != length) {
		xfs_warn(log->l_mp,
			 "%s: inconsistent inode count and chunk length",
			 __FUNCTION__);
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	/*
	 * The icreate transaction can cover multiple cluster buffers and these
	 * buffers could have been freed and reused. Check the individual
	 * buffers for cancellation so we don't overwrite anything written after
	 * a cancellation.
	 */
	blks_per_cluster = xfs_icluster_size_fsb(mp);
	bb_per_cluster = XFS_FSB_TO_BB(mp, blks_per_cluster);
	nbufs = length / blks_per_cluster;
	for (i = 0, cancel_count = 0; i < nbufs; i++) {
		xfs_daddr_t	daddr;

		daddr = XFS_AGB_TO_DADDR(mp, agno,
					 agbno + i * blks_per_cluster);
		if (xlog_check_buffer_cancelled(log, daddr, bb_per_cluster, 0))
			cancel_count++;
	}

	/*
	 * We currently only use icreate for a single allocation at a time. This
	 * means we should expect either all or none of the buffers to be
	 * cancelled. Be conservative and skip replay if at least one buffer is
	 * cancelled, but warn the user that something is awry if the buffers
	 * are not consistent.
	 *
	 * XXX: This must be refined to only skip cancelled clusters once we use
	 * icreate for multiple chunk allocations.
	 */
	ASSERT(!cancel_count || cancel_count == nbufs);
	if (cancel_count) {
		if (cancel_count != nbufs)
			xfs_warn(mp,
	"WARNING: partial inode chunk cancellation, skipped icreate.");
		trace_xfs_log_recover_icreate_cancel(log, icl);
		return 0;
	}

	trace_xfs_log_recover_icreate_recover(log, icl);
	return xfs_ialloc_inode_init(mp, NULL, buffer_list, count, agno, agbno,
				     length, be32_to_cpu(icl->icl_gen));
}

STATIC void
xlog_recover_buffer_ra_pass2(
	struct xlog                     *log,
	struct xlog_recover_item        *item)
{
	struct xfs_buf_log_format	*buf_f = item->ri_buf[0].i_addr;
	struct xfs_mount		*mp = log->l_mp;

	if (xlog_peek_buffer_cancelled(log, buf_f->blf_blkno,
			buf_f->blf_len, buf_f->blf_flags)) {
		return;
	}

	xfs_buf_readahead(mp->m_ddev_targp, buf_f->blf_blkno,
				buf_f->blf_len, NULL);
}

STATIC void
xlog_recover_inode_ra_pass2(
	struct xlog                     *log,
	struct xlog_recover_item        *item)
{
	struct xfs_inode_log_format	ilf_buf;
	struct xfs_inode_log_format	*ilfp;
	struct xfs_mount		*mp = log->l_mp;
	int			error;

	if (item->ri_buf[0].i_len == sizeof(struct xfs_inode_log_format)) {
		ilfp = item->ri_buf[0].i_addr;
	} else {
		ilfp = &ilf_buf;
		memset(ilfp, 0, sizeof(*ilfp));
		error = xfs_inode_item_format_convert(&item->ri_buf[0], ilfp);
		if (error)
			return;
	}

	if (xlog_peek_buffer_cancelled(log, ilfp->ilf_blkno, ilfp->ilf_len, 0))
		return;

	xfs_buf_readahead(mp->m_ddev_targp, ilfp->ilf_blkno,
				ilfp->ilf_len, &xfs_inode_buf_ra_ops);
}

STATIC void
xlog_recover_dquot_ra_pass2(
	struct xlog			*log,
	struct xlog_recover_item	*item)
{
	struct xfs_mount	*mp = log->l_mp;
	struct xfs_disk_dquot	*recddq;
	struct xfs_dq_logformat	*dq_f;
	uint			type;
	int			len;


	if (mp->m_qflags == 0)
		return;

	recddq = item->ri_buf[1].i_addr;
	if (recddq == NULL)
		return;
	if (item->ri_buf[1].i_len < sizeof(struct xfs_disk_dquot))
		return;

	type = recddq->d_flags & (XFS_DQ_USER | XFS_DQ_PROJ | XFS_DQ_GROUP);
	ASSERT(type);
	if (log->l_quotaoffs_flag & type)
		return;

	dq_f = item->ri_buf[0].i_addr;
	ASSERT(dq_f);
	ASSERT(dq_f->qlf_len == 1);

	len = XFS_FSB_TO_BB(mp, dq_f->qlf_len);
	if (xlog_peek_buffer_cancelled(log, dq_f->qlf_blkno, len, 0))
		return;

	xfs_buf_readahead(mp->m_ddev_targp, dq_f->qlf_blkno, len,
			  &xfs_dquot_buf_ra_ops);
}

STATIC void
xlog_recover_ra_pass2(
	struct xlog			*log,
	struct xlog_recover_item	*item)
{
	switch (ITEM_TYPE(item)) {
	case XFS_LI_BUF:
		xlog_recover_buffer_ra_pass2(log, item);
		break;
	case XFS_LI_INODE:
		xlog_recover_inode_ra_pass2(log, item);
		break;
	case XFS_LI_DQUOT:
		xlog_recover_dquot_ra_pass2(log, item);
		break;
	case XFS_LI_EFI:
	case XFS_LI_EFD:
	case XFS_LI_QUOTAOFF:
	case XFS_LI_RUI:
	case XFS_LI_RUD:
	case XFS_LI_CUI:
	case XFS_LI_CUD:
	case XFS_LI_BUI:
	case XFS_LI_BUD:
	default:
		break;
	}
}

STATIC int
xlog_recover_commit_pass1(
	struct xlog			*log,
	struct xlog_recover		*trans,
	struct xlog_recover_item	*item)
{
	trace_xfs_log_recover_item_recover(log, trans, item, XLOG_RECOVER_PASS1);

	switch (ITEM_TYPE(item)) {
	case XFS_LI_BUF:
		return xlog_recover_buffer_pass1(log, item);
	case XFS_LI_QUOTAOFF:
		return xlog_recover_quotaoff_pass1(log, item);
	case XFS_LI_INODE:
	case XFS_LI_EFI:
	case XFS_LI_EFD:
	case XFS_LI_DQUOT:
	case XFS_LI_ICREATE:
	case XFS_LI_RUI:
	case XFS_LI_RUD:
	case XFS_LI_CUI:
	case XFS_LI_CUD:
	case XFS_LI_BUI:
	case XFS_LI_BUD:
		/* nothing to do in pass 1 */
		return 0;
	default:
		xfs_warn(log->l_mp, "%s: invalid item type (%d)",
			__func__, ITEM_TYPE(item));
		ASSERT(0);
		return -EIO;
	}
}

STATIC int
xlog_recover_commit_pass2(
	struct xlog			*log,
	struct xlog_recover		*trans,
	struct list_head		*buffer_list,
	struct xlog_recover_item	*item)
{
	trace_xfs_log_recover_item_recover(log, trans, item, XLOG_RECOVER_PASS2);

	switch (ITEM_TYPE(item)) {
	case XFS_LI_BUF:
		return xlog_recover_buffer_pass2(log, buffer_list, item,
						 trans->r_lsn);
	case XFS_LI_INODE:
		return xlog_recover_inode_pass2(log, buffer_list, item,
						 trans->r_lsn);
	case XFS_LI_EFI:
		return xlog_recover_efi_pass2(log, item, trans->r_lsn);
	case XFS_LI_EFD:
		return xlog_recover_efd_pass2(log, item);
	case XFS_LI_RUI:
		return xlog_recover_rui_pass2(log, item, trans->r_lsn);
	case XFS_LI_RUD:
		return xlog_recover_rud_pass2(log, item);
	case XFS_LI_CUI:
		return xlog_recover_cui_pass2(log, item, trans->r_lsn);
	case XFS_LI_CUD:
		return xlog_recover_cud_pass2(log, item);
	case XFS_LI_BUI:
		return xlog_recover_bui_pass2(log, item, trans->r_lsn);
	case XFS_LI_BUD:
		return xlog_recover_bud_pass2(log, item);
	case XFS_LI_DQUOT:
		return xlog_recover_dquot_pass2(log, buffer_list, item,
						trans->r_lsn);
	case XFS_LI_ICREATE:
		return xlog_recover_do_icreate_pass2(log, buffer_list, item);
	case XFS_LI_QUOTAOFF:
		/* nothing to do in pass2 */
		return 0;
	default:
		xfs_warn(log->l_mp, "%s: invalid item type (%d)",
			__func__, ITEM_TYPE(item));
		ASSERT(0);
		return -EIO;
	}
}

STATIC int
xlog_recover_items_pass2(
	struct xlog                     *log,
	struct xlog_recover             *trans,
	struct list_head                *buffer_list,
	struct list_head                *item_list)
{
	struct xlog_recover_item	*item;
	int				error = 0;

	list_for_each_entry(item, item_list, ri_list) {
		error = xlog_recover_commit_pass2(log, trans,
					  buffer_list, item);
		if (error)
			return error;
	}

	return error;
}

/*
 * Perform the transaction.
 *
 * If the transaction modifies a buffer or inode, do it now.  Otherwise,
 * EFIs and EFDs get queued up by adding entries into the AIL for them.
 */
STATIC int
xlog_recover_commit_trans(
	struct xlog		*log,
	struct xlog_recover	*trans,
	int			pass,
	struct list_head	*buffer_list)
{
	int				error = 0;
	int				items_queued = 0;
	struct xlog_recover_item	*item;
	struct xlog_recover_item	*next;
	LIST_HEAD			(ra_list);
	LIST_HEAD			(done_list);

	#define XLOG_RECOVER_COMMIT_QUEUE_MAX 100

	hlist_del(&trans->r_list);

	error = xlog_recover_reorder_trans(log, trans, pass);
	if (error)
		return error;

	list_for_each_entry_safe(item, next, &trans->r_itemq, ri_list) {
		switch (pass) {
		case XLOG_RECOVER_PASS1:
			error = xlog_recover_commit_pass1(log, trans, item);
			break;
		case XLOG_RECOVER_PASS2:
			xlog_recover_ra_pass2(log, item);
			list_move_tail(&item->ri_list, &ra_list);
			items_queued++;
			if (items_queued >= XLOG_RECOVER_COMMIT_QUEUE_MAX) {
				error = xlog_recover_items_pass2(log, trans,
						buffer_list, &ra_list);
				list_splice_tail_init(&ra_list, &done_list);
				items_queued = 0;
			}

			break;
		default:
			ASSERT(0);
		}

		if (error)
			goto out;
	}

out:
	if (!list_empty(&ra_list)) {
		if (!error)
			error = xlog_recover_items_pass2(log, trans,
					buffer_list, &ra_list);
		list_splice_tail_init(&ra_list, &done_list);
	}

	if (!list_empty(&done_list))
		list_splice_init(&done_list, &trans->r_itemq);

	return error;
}

STATIC void
xlog_recover_add_item(
	struct list_head	*head)
{
	xlog_recover_item_t	*item;

	item = kmem_zalloc(sizeof(xlog_recover_item_t), KM_SLEEP);
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&item->ri_list);
	list_add_tail(&item->ri_list, head);
}

STATIC int
xlog_recover_add_to_cont_trans(
	struct xlog		*log,
	struct xlog_recover	*trans,
	char			*dp,
	int			len)
{
	xlog_recover_item_t	*item;
	char			*ptr, *old_ptr;
	int			old_len;

	/*
	 * If the transaction is empty, the header was split across this and the
	 * previous record. Copy the rest of the header.
	 */
	if (list_empty(&trans->r_itemq)) {
		ASSERT(len <= sizeof(struct xfs_trans_header));
		if (len > sizeof(struct xfs_trans_header)) {
			xfs_warn(log->l_mp, "%s: bad header length", __func__);
			return -EIO;
		}

		xlog_recover_add_item(&trans->r_itemq);
		ptr = (char *)&trans->r_theader +
				sizeof(struct xfs_trans_header) - len;
		memcpy(ptr, dp, len);
		return 0;
	}

	/* take the tail entry */
	item = list_entry(trans->r_itemq.prev, xlog_recover_item_t, ri_list);

	old_ptr = item->ri_buf[item->ri_cnt-1].i_addr;
	old_len = item->ri_buf[item->ri_cnt-1].i_len;

	ptr = kmem_realloc(old_ptr, len + old_len, KM_SLEEP);
	memcpy(&ptr[old_len], dp, len);
	item->ri_buf[item->ri_cnt-1].i_len += len;
	item->ri_buf[item->ri_cnt-1].i_addr = ptr;
	trace_xfs_log_recover_item_add_cont(log, trans, item, 0);
	return 0;
}

/*
 * The next region to add is the start of a new region.  It could be
 * a whole region or it could be the first part of a new region.  Because
 * of this, the assumption here is that the type and size fields of all
 * format structures fit into the first 32 bits of the structure.
 *
 * This works because all regions must be 32 bit aligned.  Therefore, we
 * either have both fields or we have neither field.  In the case we have
 * neither field, the data part of the region is zero length.  We only have
 * a log_op_header and can throw away the header since a new one will appear
 * later.  If we have at least 4 bytes, then we can determine how many regions
 * will appear in the current log item.
 */
STATIC int
xlog_recover_add_to_trans(
	struct xlog		*log,
	struct xlog_recover	*trans,
	char			*dp,
	int			len)
{
	xfs_inode_log_format_t	*in_f;			/* any will do */
	xlog_recover_item_t	*item;
	char			*ptr;

	if (!len)
		return 0;
	if (list_empty(&trans->r_itemq)) {
		/* we need to catch log corruptions here */
		if (*(uint *)dp != XFS_TRANS_HEADER_MAGIC) {
			xfs_warn(log->l_mp, "%s: bad header magic number",
				__func__);
			ASSERT(0);
			return -EIO;
		}

		if (len > sizeof(struct xfs_trans_header)) {
			xfs_warn(log->l_mp, "%s: bad header length", __func__);
			ASSERT(0);
			return -EIO;
		}

		/*
		 * The transaction header can be arbitrarily split across op
		 * records. If we don't have the whole thing here, copy what we
		 * do have and handle the rest in the next record.
		 */
		if (len == sizeof(struct xfs_trans_header))
			xlog_recover_add_item(&trans->r_itemq);
		memcpy(&trans->r_theader, dp, len);
		return 0;
	}

	ptr = kmem_alloc(len, KM_SLEEP);
	memcpy(ptr, dp, len);
	in_f = (xfs_inode_log_format_t *)ptr;

	/* take the tail entry */
	item = list_entry(trans->r_itemq.prev, xlog_recover_item_t, ri_list);
	if (item->ri_total != 0 &&
	     item->ri_total == item->ri_cnt) {
		/* tail item is in use, get a new one */
		xlog_recover_add_item(&trans->r_itemq);
		item = list_entry(trans->r_itemq.prev,
					xlog_recover_item_t, ri_list);
	}

	if (item->ri_total == 0) {		/* first region to be added */
		if (in_f->ilf_size == 0 ||
		    in_f->ilf_size > XLOG_MAX_REGIONS_IN_ITEM) {
			xfs_warn(log->l_mp,
		"bad number of regions (%d) in inode log format",
				  in_f->ilf_size);
			ASSERT(0);
			kmem_free(ptr);
			return -EIO;
		}

		item->ri_total = in_f->ilf_size;
		item->ri_buf =
			kmem_zalloc(item->ri_total * sizeof(xfs_log_iovec_t),
				    KM_SLEEP);
	}
	ASSERT(item->ri_total > item->ri_cnt);
	/* Description region is ri_buf[0] */
	item->ri_buf[item->ri_cnt].i_addr = ptr;
	item->ri_buf[item->ri_cnt].i_len  = len;
	item->ri_cnt++;
	trace_xfs_log_recover_item_add(log, trans, item, 0);
	return 0;
}

/*
 * Free up any resources allocated by the transaction
 *
 * Remember that EFIs, EFDs, and IUNLINKs are handled later.
 */
STATIC void
xlog_recover_free_trans(
	struct xlog_recover	*trans)
{
	xlog_recover_item_t	*item, *n;
	int			i;

	list_for_each_entry_safe(item, n, &trans->r_itemq, ri_list) {
		/* Free the regions in the item. */
		list_del(&item->ri_list);
		for (i = 0; i < item->ri_cnt; i++)
			kmem_free(item->ri_buf[i].i_addr);
		/* Free the item itself */
		kmem_free(item->ri_buf);
		kmem_free(item);
	}
	/* Free the transaction recover structure */
	kmem_free(trans);
}

/*
 * On error or completion, trans is freed.
 */
STATIC int
xlog_recovery_process_trans(
	struct xlog		*log,
	struct xlog_recover	*trans,
	char			*dp,
	unsigned int		len,
	unsigned int		flags,
	int			pass,
	struct list_head	*buffer_list)
{
	int			error = 0;
	bool			freeit = false;

	/* mask off ophdr transaction container flags */
	flags &= ~XLOG_END_TRANS;
	if (flags & XLOG_WAS_CONT_TRANS)
		flags &= ~XLOG_CONTINUE_TRANS;

	/*
	 * Callees must not free the trans structure. We'll decide if we need to
	 * free it or not based on the operation being done and it's result.
	 */
	switch (flags) {
	/* expected flag values */
	case 0:
	case XLOG_CONTINUE_TRANS:
		error = xlog_recover_add_to_trans(log, trans, dp, len);
		break;
	case XLOG_WAS_CONT_TRANS:
		error = xlog_recover_add_to_cont_trans(log, trans, dp, len);
		break;
	case XLOG_COMMIT_TRANS:
		error = xlog_recover_commit_trans(log, trans, pass,
						  buffer_list);
		/* success or fail, we are now done with this transaction. */
		freeit = true;
		break;

	/* unexpected flag values */
	case XLOG_UNMOUNT_TRANS:
		/* just skip trans */
		xfs_warn(log->l_mp, "%s: Unmount LR", __func__);
		freeit = true;
		break;
	case XLOG_START_TRANS:
	default:
		xfs_warn(log->l_mp, "%s: bad flag 0x%x", __func__, flags);
		ASSERT(0);
		error = -EIO;
		break;
	}
	if (error || freeit)
		xlog_recover_free_trans(trans);
	return error;
}

/*
 * Lookup the transaction recovery structure associated with the ID in the
 * current ophdr. If the transaction doesn't exist and the start flag is set in
 * the ophdr, then allocate a new transaction for future ID matches to find.
 * Either way, return what we found during the lookup - an existing transaction
 * or nothing.
 */
STATIC struct xlog_recover *
xlog_recover_ophdr_to_trans(
	struct hlist_head	rhash[],
	struct xlog_rec_header	*rhead,
	struct xlog_op_header	*ohead)
{
	struct xlog_recover	*trans;
	xlog_tid_t		tid;
	struct hlist_head	*rhp;

	tid = be32_to_cpu(ohead->oh_tid);
	rhp = &rhash[XLOG_RHASH(tid)];
	hlist_for_each_entry(trans, rhp, r_list) {
		if (trans->r_log_tid == tid)
			return trans;
	}

	/*
	 * skip over non-start transaction headers - we could be
	 * processing slack space before the next transaction starts
	 */
	if (!(ohead->oh_flags & XLOG_START_TRANS))
		return NULL;

	ASSERT(be32_to_cpu(ohead->oh_len) == 0);

	/*
	 * This is a new transaction so allocate a new recovery container to
	 * hold the recovery ops that will follow.
	 */
	trans = kmem_zalloc(sizeof(struct xlog_recover), KM_SLEEP);
	trans->r_log_tid = tid;
	trans->r_lsn = be64_to_cpu(rhead->h_lsn);
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&trans->r_itemq);
	INIT_HLIST_NODE(&trans->r_list);
	hlist_add_head(&trans->r_list, rhp);

	/*
	 * Nothing more to do for this ophdr. Items to be added to this new
	 * transaction will be in subsequent ophdr containers.
	 */
	return NULL;
}

STATIC int
xlog_recover_process_ophdr(
	struct xlog		*log,
	struct hlist_head	rhash[],
	struct xlog_rec_header	*rhead,
	struct xlog_op_header	*ohead,
	char			*dp,
	char			*end,
	int			pass,
	struct list_head	*buffer_list)
{
	struct xlog_recover	*trans;
	unsigned int		len;
	int			error;

	/* Do we understand who wrote this op? */
	if (ohead->oh_clientid != XFS_TRANSACTION &&
	    ohead->oh_clientid != XFS_LOG) {
		xfs_warn(log->l_mp, "%s: bad clientid 0x%x",
			__func__, ohead->oh_clientid);
		ASSERT(0);
		return -EIO;
	}

	/*
	 * Check the ophdr contains all the data it is supposed to contain.
	 */
	len = be32_to_cpu(ohead->oh_len);
	if (dp + len > end) {
		xfs_warn(log->l_mp, "%s: bad length 0x%x", __func__, len);
		WARN_ON(1);
		return -EIO;
	}

	trans = xlog_recover_ophdr_to_trans(rhash, rhead, ohead);
	if (!trans) {
		/* nothing to do, so skip over this ophdr */
		return 0;
	}

	/*
	 * The recovered buffer queue is drained only once we know that all
	 * recovery items for the current LSN have been processed. This is
	 * required because:
	 *
	 * - Buffer write submission updates the metadata LSN of the buffer.
	 * - Log recovery skips items with a metadata LSN >= the current LSN of
	 *   the recovery item.
	 * - Separate recovery items against the same metadata buffer can share
	 *   a current LSN. I.e., consider that the LSN of a recovery item is
	 *   defined as the starting LSN of the first record in which its
	 *   transaction appears, that a record can hold multiple transactions,
	 *   and/or that a transaction can span multiple records.
	 *
	 * In other words, we are allowed to submit a buffer from log recovery
	 * once per current LSN. Otherwise, we may incorrectly skip recovery
	 * items and cause corruption.
	 *
	 * We don't know up front whether buffers are updated multiple times per
	 * LSN. Therefore, track the current LSN of each commit log record as it
	 * is processed and drain the queue when it changes. Use commit records
	 * because they are ordered correctly by the logging code.
	 */
	if (log->l_recovery_lsn != trans->r_lsn &&
	    ohead->oh_flags & XLOG_COMMIT_TRANS) {
		error = xfs_buf_delwri_submit(buffer_list);
		if (error)
			return error;
		log->l_recovery_lsn = trans->r_lsn;
	}

	return xlog_recovery_process_trans(log, trans, dp, len,
					   ohead->oh_flags, pass, buffer_list);
}

/*
 * There are two valid states of the r_state field.  0 indicates that the
 * transaction structure is in a normal state.  We have either seen the
 * start of the transaction or the last operation we added was not a partial
 * operation.  If the last operation we added to the transaction was a
 * partial operation, we need to mark r_state with XLOG_WAS_CONT_TRANS.
 *
 * NOTE: skip LRs with 0 data length.
 */
STATIC int
xlog_recover_process_data(
	struct xlog		*log,
	struct hlist_head	rhash[],
	struct xlog_rec_header	*rhead,
	char			*dp,
	int			pass,
	struct list_head	*buffer_list)
{
	struct xlog_op_header	*ohead;
	char			*end;
	int			num_logops;
	int			error;

	end = dp + be32_to_cpu(rhead->h_len);
	num_logops = be32_to_cpu(rhead->h_num_logops);

	/* check the log format matches our own - else we can't recover */
	if (xlog_header_check_recover(log->l_mp, rhead))
		return -EIO;

	trace_xfs_log_recover_record(log, rhead, pass);
	while ((dp < end) && num_logops) {

		ohead = (struct xlog_op_header *)dp;
		dp += sizeof(*ohead);
		ASSERT(dp <= end);

		/* errors will abort recovery */
		error = xlog_recover_process_ophdr(log, rhash, rhead, ohead,
						   dp, end, pass, buffer_list);
		if (error)
			return error;

		dp += be32_to_cpu(ohead->oh_len);
		num_logops--;
	}
	return 0;
}

/* Recover the EFI if necessary. */
STATIC int
xlog_recover_process_efi(
	struct xfs_mount		*mp,
	struct xfs_ail			*ailp,
	struct xfs_log_item		*lip)
{
	struct xfs_efi_log_item		*efip;
	int				error;

	/*
	 * Skip EFIs that we've already processed.
	 */
	efip = container_of(lip, struct xfs_efi_log_item, efi_item);
	if (test_bit(XFS_EFI_RECOVERED, &efip->efi_flags))
		return 0;

	spin_unlock(&ailp->xa_lock);
	error = xfs_efi_recover(mp, efip);
	spin_lock(&ailp->xa_lock);

	return error;
}

/* Release the EFI since we're cancelling everything. */
STATIC void
xlog_recover_cancel_efi(
	struct xfs_mount		*mp,
	struct xfs_ail			*ailp,
	struct xfs_log_item		*lip)
{
	struct xfs_efi_log_item		*efip;

	efip = container_of(lip, struct xfs_efi_log_item, efi_item);

	spin_unlock(&ailp->xa_lock);
	xfs_efi_release(efip);
	spin_lock(&ailp->xa_lock);
}

/* Recover the RUI if necessary. */
STATIC int
xlog_recover_process_rui(
	struct xfs_mount		*mp,
	struct xfs_ail			*ailp,
	struct xfs_log_item		*lip)
{
	struct xfs_rui_log_item		*ruip;
	int				error;

	/*
	 * Skip RUIs that we've already processed.
	 */
	ruip = container_of(lip, struct xfs_rui_log_item, rui_item);
	if (test_bit(XFS_RUI_RECOVERED, &ruip->rui_flags))
		return 0;

	spin_unlock(&ailp->xa_lock);
	error = xfs_rui_recover(mp, ruip);
	spin_lock(&ailp->xa_lock);

	return error;
}

/* Release the RUI since we're cancelling everything. */
STATIC void
xlog_recover_cancel_rui(
	struct xfs_mount		*mp,
	struct xfs_ail			*ailp,
	struct xfs_log_item		*lip)
{
	struct xfs_rui_log_item		*ruip;

	ruip = container_of(lip, struct xfs_rui_log_item, rui_item);

	spin_unlock(&ailp->xa_lock);
	xfs_rui_release(ruip);
	spin_lock(&ailp->xa_lock);
}

/* Recover the CUI if necessary. */
STATIC int
xlog_recover_process_cui(
	struct xfs_mount		*mp,
	struct xfs_ail			*ailp,
	struct xfs_log_item		*lip)
{
	struct xfs_cui_log_item		*cuip;
	int				error;

	/*
	 * Skip CUIs that we've already processed.
	 */
	cuip = container_of(lip, struct xfs_cui_log_item, cui_item);
	if (test_bit(XFS_CUI_RECOVERED, &cuip->cui_flags))
		return 0;

	spin_unlock(&ailp->xa_lock);
	error = xfs_cui_recover(mp, cuip);
	spin_lock(&ailp->xa_lock);

	return error;
}

/* Release the CUI since we're cancelling everything. */
STATIC void
xlog_recover_cancel_cui(
	struct xfs_mount		*mp,
	struct xfs_ail			*ailp,
	struct xfs_log_item		*lip)
{
	struct xfs_cui_log_item		*cuip;

	cuip = container_of(lip, struct xfs_cui_log_item, cui_item);

	spin_unlock(&ailp->xa_lock);
	xfs_cui_release(cuip);
	spin_lock(&ailp->xa_lock);
}

/* Recover the BUI if necessary. */
STATIC int
xlog_recover_process_bui(
	struct xfs_mount		*mp,
	struct xfs_ail			*ailp,
	struct xfs_log_item		*lip)
{
	struct xfs_bui_log_item		*buip;
	int				error;

	/*
	 * Skip BUIs that we've already processed.
	 */
	buip = container_of(lip, struct xfs_bui_log_item, bui_item);
	if (test_bit(XFS_BUI_RECOVERED, &buip->bui_flags))
		return 0;

	spin_unlock(&ailp->xa_lock);
	error = xfs_bui_recover(mp, buip);
	spin_lock(&ailp->xa_lock);

	return error;
}

/* Release the BUI since we're cancelling everything. */
STATIC void
xlog_recover_cancel_bui(
	struct xfs_mount		*mp,
	struct xfs_ail			*ailp,
	struct xfs_log_item		*lip)
{
	struct xfs_bui_log_item		*buip;

	buip = container_of(lip, struct xfs_bui_log_item, bui_item);

	spin_unlock(&ailp->xa_lock);
	xfs_bui_release(buip);
	spin_lock(&ailp->xa_lock);
}

/* Is this log item a deferred action intent? */
static inline bool xlog_item_is_intent(struct xfs_log_item *lip)
{
	switch (lip->li_type) {
	case XFS_LI_EFI:
	case XFS_LI_RUI:
	case XFS_LI_CUI:
	case XFS_LI_BUI:
		return true;
	default:
		return false;
	}
}

/*
 * When this is called, all of the log intent items which did not have
 * corresponding log done items should be in the AIL.  What we do now
 * is update the data structures associated with each one.
 *
 * Since we process the log intent items in normal transactions, they
 * will be removed at some point after the commit.  This prevents us
 * from just walking down the list processing each one.  We'll use a
 * flag in the intent item to skip those that we've already processed
 * and use the AIL iteration mechanism's generation count to try to
 * speed this up at least a bit.
 *
 * When we start, we know that the intents are the only things in the
 * AIL.  As we process them, however, other items are added to the
 * AIL.
 */
STATIC int
xlog_recover_process_intents(
	struct xlog		*log)
{
	struct xfs_log_item	*lip;
	int			error = 0;
	struct xfs_ail_cursor	cur;
	struct xfs_ail		*ailp;
	xfs_lsn_t		last_lsn;

	ailp = log->l_ailp;
	spin_lock(&ailp->xa_lock);
	lip = xfs_trans_ail_cursor_first(ailp, &cur, 0);
	last_lsn = xlog_assign_lsn(log->l_curr_cycle, log->l_curr_block);
	while (lip != NULL) {
		/*
		 * We're done when we see something other than an intent.
		 * There should be no intents left in the AIL now.
		 */
		if (!xlog_item_is_intent(lip)) {
#ifdef DEBUG
			for (; lip; lip = xfs_trans_ail_cursor_next(ailp, &cur))
				ASSERT(!xlog_item_is_intent(lip));
#endif
			break;
		}

		/*
		 * We should never see a redo item with a LSN higher than
		 * the last transaction we found in the log at the start
		 * of recovery.
		 */
		ASSERT(XFS_LSN_CMP(last_lsn, lip->li_lsn) >= 0);

		switch (lip->li_type) {
		case XFS_LI_EFI:
			error = xlog_recover_process_efi(log->l_mp, ailp, lip);
			break;
		case XFS_LI_RUI:
			error = xlog_recover_process_rui(log->l_mp, ailp, lip);
			break;
		case XFS_LI_CUI:
			error = xlog_recover_process_cui(log->l_mp, ailp, lip);
			break;
		case XFS_LI_BUI:
			error = xlog_recover_process_bui(log->l_mp, ailp, lip);
			break;
		}
		if (error)
			goto out;
		lip = xfs_trans_ail_cursor_next(ailp, &cur);
	}
out:
	xfs_trans_ail_cursor_done(&cur);
	spin_unlock(&ailp->xa_lock);
	return error;
}

/*
 * A cancel occurs when the mount has failed and we're bailing out.
 * Release all pending log intent items so they don't pin the AIL.
 */
STATIC int
xlog_recover_cancel_intents(
	struct xlog		*log)
{
	struct xfs_log_item	*lip;
	int			error = 0;
	struct xfs_ail_cursor	cur;
	struct xfs_ail		*ailp;

	ailp = log->l_ailp;
	spin_lock(&ailp->xa_lock);
	lip = xfs_trans_ail_cursor_first(ailp, &cur, 0);
	while (lip != NULL) {
		/*
		 * We're done when we see something other than an intent.
		 * There should be no intents left in the AIL now.
		 */
		if (!xlog_item_is_intent(lip)) {
#ifdef DEBUG
			for (; lip; lip = xfs_trans_ail_cursor_next(ailp, &cur))
				ASSERT(!xlog_item_is_intent(lip));
#endif
			break;
		}

		switch (lip->li_type) {
		case XFS_LI_EFI:
			xlog_recover_cancel_efi(log->l_mp, ailp, lip);
			break;
		case XFS_LI_RUI:
			xlog_recover_cancel_rui(log->l_mp, ailp, lip);
			break;
		case XFS_LI_CUI:
			xlog_recover_cancel_cui(log->l_mp, ailp, lip);
			break;
		case XFS_LI_BUI:
			xlog_recover_cancel_bui(log->l_mp, ailp, lip);
			break;
		}

		lip = xfs_trans_ail_cursor_next(ailp, &cur);
	}

	xfs_trans_ail_cursor_done(&cur);
	spin_unlock(&ailp->xa_lock);
	return error;
}

/*
 * This routine performs a transaction to null out a bad inode pointer
 * in an agi unlinked inode hash bucket.
 */
STATIC void
xlog_recover_clear_agi_bucket(
	xfs_mount_t	*mp,
	xfs_agnumber_t	agno,
	int		bucket)
{
	xfs_trans_t	*tp;
	xfs_agi_t	*agi;
	xfs_buf_t	*agibp;
	int		offset;
	int		error;

	error = xfs_trans_alloc(mp, &M_RES(mp)->tr_clearagi, 0, 0, 0, &tp);
	if (error)
		goto out_error;

	error = xfs_read_agi(mp, tp, agno, &agibp);
	if (error)
		goto out_abort;

	agi = XFS_BUF_TO_AGI(agibp);
	agi->agi_unlinked[bucket] = cpu_to_be32(NULLAGINO);
	offset = offsetof(xfs_agi_t, agi_unlinked) +
		 (sizeof(xfs_agino_t) * bucket);
	xfs_trans_log_buf(tp, agibp, offset,
			  (offset + sizeof(xfs_agino_t) - 1));

	error = xfs_trans_commit(tp);
	if (error)
		goto out_error;
	return;

out_abort:
	xfs_trans_cancel(tp);
out_error:
	xfs_warn(mp, "%s: failed to clear agi %d. Continuing.", __func__, agno);
	return;
}

STATIC xfs_agino_t
xlog_recover_process_one_iunlink(
	struct xfs_mount		*mp,
	xfs_agnumber_t			agno,
	xfs_agino_t			agino,
	int				bucket)
{
	struct xfs_buf			*ibp;
	struct xfs_dinode		*dip;
	struct xfs_inode		*ip;
	xfs_ino_t			ino;
	int				error;

	ino = XFS_AGINO_TO_INO(mp, agno, agino);
	error = xfs_iget(mp, NULL, ino, 0, 0, &ip);
	if (error)
		goto fail;

	/*
	 * Get the on disk inode to find the next inode in the bucket.
	 */
	error = xfs_imap_to_bp(mp, NULL, &ip->i_imap, &dip, &ibp, 0, 0);
	if (error)
		goto fail_iput;

	xfs_iflags_clear(ip, XFS_IRECOVERY);
	ASSERT(VFS_I(ip)->i_nlink == 0);
	ASSERT(VFS_I(ip)->i_mode != 0);

	/* setup for the next pass */
	agino = be32_to_cpu(dip->di_next_unlinked);
	xfs_buf_relse(ibp);

	/*
	 * Prevent any DMAPI event from being sent when the reference on
	 * the inode is dropped.
	 */
	ip->i_d.di_dmevmask = 0;

	IRELE(ip);
	return agino;

 fail_iput:
	IRELE(ip);
 fail:
	/*
	 * We can't read in the inode this bucket points to, or this inode
	 * is messed up.  Just ditch this bucket of inodes.  We will lose
	 * some inodes and space, but at least we won't hang.
	 *
	 * Call xlog_recover_clear_agi_bucket() to perform a transaction to
	 * clear the inode pointer in the bucket.
	 */
	xlog_recover_clear_agi_bucket(mp, agno, bucket);
	return NULLAGINO;
}

/*
 * xlog_iunlink_recover
 *
 * This is called during recovery to process any inodes which
 * we unlinked but not freed when the system crashed.  These
 * inodes will be on the lists in the AGI blocks.  What we do
 * here is scan all the AGIs and fully truncate and free any
 * inodes found on the lists.  Each inode is removed from the
 * lists when it has been fully truncated and is freed.  The
 * freeing of the inode and its removal from the list must be
 * atomic.
 */
STATIC void
xlog_recover_process_iunlinks(
	struct xlog	*log)
{
	xfs_mount_t	*mp;
	xfs_agnumber_t	agno;
	xfs_agi_t	*agi;
	xfs_buf_t	*agibp;
	xfs_agino_t	agino;
	int		bucket;
	int		error;
	uint		mp_dmevmask;

	mp = log->l_mp;

	/*
	 * Prevent any DMAPI event from being sent while in this function.
	 */
	mp_dmevmask = mp->m_dmevmask;
	mp->m_dmevmask = 0;

	for (agno = 0; agno < mp->m_sb.sb_agcount; agno++) {
		/*
		 * Find the agi for this ag.
		 */
		error = xfs_read_agi(mp, NULL, agno, &agibp);
		if (error) {
			/*
			 * AGI is b0rked. Don't process it.
			 *
			 * We should probably mark the filesystem as corrupt
			 * after we've recovered all the ag's we can....
			 */
			continue;
		}
		/*
		 * Unlock the buffer so that it can be acquired in the normal
		 * course of the transaction to truncate and free each inode.
		 * Because we are not racing with anyone else here for the AGI
		 * buffer, we don't even need to hold it locked to read the
		 * initial unlinked bucket entries out of the buffer. We keep
		 * buffer reference though, so that it stays pinned in memory
		 * while we need the buffer.
		 */
		agi = XFS_BUF_TO_AGI(agibp);
		xfs_buf_unlock(agibp);

		for (bucket = 0; bucket < XFS_AGI_UNLINKED_BUCKETS; bucket++) {
			agino = be32_to_cpu(agi->agi_unlinked[bucket]);
			while (agino != NULLAGINO) {
				agino = xlog_recover_process_one_iunlink(mp,
							agno, agino, bucket);
			}
		}
		xfs_buf_rele(agibp);
	}

	mp->m_dmevmask = mp_dmevmask;
}

STATIC int
xlog_unpack_data(
	struct xlog_rec_header	*rhead,
	char			*dp,
	struct xlog		*log)
{
	int			i, j, k;

	for (i = 0; i < BTOBB(be32_to_cpu(rhead->h_len)) &&
		  i < (XLOG_HEADER_CYCLE_SIZE / BBSIZE); i++) {
		*(__be32 *)dp = *(__be32 *)&rhead->h_cycle_data[i];
		dp += BBSIZE;
	}

	if (xfs_sb_version_haslogv2(&log->l_mp->m_sb)) {
		xlog_in_core_2_t *xhdr = (xlog_in_core_2_t *)rhead;
		for ( ; i < BTOBB(be32_to_cpu(rhead->h_len)); i++) {
			j = i / (XLOG_HEADER_CYCLE_SIZE / BBSIZE);
			k = i % (XLOG_HEADER_CYCLE_SIZE / BBSIZE);
			*(__be32 *)dp = xhdr[j].hic_xheader.xh_cycle_data[k];
			dp += BBSIZE;
		}
	}

	return 0;
}

/*
 * CRC check, unpack and process a log record.
 */
STATIC int
xlog_recover_process(
	struct xlog		*log,
	struct hlist_head	rhash[],
	struct xlog_rec_header	*rhead,
	char			*dp,
	int			pass,
	struct list_head	*buffer_list)
{
	int			error;
	__le32			crc;

	crc = xlog_cksum(log, rhead, dp, be32_to_cpu(rhead->h_len));

	/*
	 * Nothing else to do if this is a CRC verification pass. Just return
	 * if this a record with a non-zero crc. Unfortunately, mkfs always
	 * sets h_crc to 0 so we must consider this valid even on v5 supers.
	 * Otherwise, return EFSBADCRC on failure so the callers up the stack
	 * know precisely what failed.
	 */
	if (pass == XLOG_RECOVER_CRCPASS) {
		if (rhead->h_crc && crc != rhead->h_crc)
			return -EFSBADCRC;
		return 0;
	}

	/*
	 * We're in the normal recovery path. Issue a warning if and only if the
	 * CRC in the header is non-zero. This is an advisory warning and the
	 * zero CRC check prevents warnings from being emitted when upgrading
	 * the kernel from one that does not add CRCs by default.
	 */
	if (crc != rhead->h_crc) {
		if (rhead->h_crc || xfs_sb_version_hascrc(&log->l_mp->m_sb)) {
			xfs_alert(log->l_mp,
		"log record CRC mismatch: found 0x%x, expected 0x%x.",
					le32_to_cpu(rhead->h_crc),
					le32_to_cpu(crc));
			xfs_hex_dump(dp, 32);
		}

		/*
		 * If the filesystem is CRC enabled, this mismatch becomes a
		 * fatal log corruption failure.
		 */
		if (xfs_sb_version_hascrc(&log->l_mp->m_sb))
			return -EFSCORRUPTED;
	}

	error = xlog_unpack_data(rhead, dp, log);
	if (error)
		return error;

	return xlog_recover_process_data(log, rhash, rhead, dp, pass,
					 buffer_list);
}

STATIC int
xlog_valid_rec_header(
	struct xlog		*log,
	struct xlog_rec_header	*rhead,
	xfs_daddr_t		blkno)
{
	int			hlen;

	if (unlikely(rhead->h_magicno != cpu_to_be32(XLOG_HEADER_MAGIC_NUM))) {
		XFS_ERROR_REPORT("xlog_valid_rec_header(1)",
				XFS_ERRLEVEL_LOW, log->l_mp);
		return -EFSCORRUPTED;
	}
	if (unlikely(
	    (!rhead->h_version ||
	    (be32_to_cpu(rhead->h_version) & (~XLOG_VERSION_OKBITS))))) {
		xfs_warn(log->l_mp, "%s: unrecognised log version (%d).",
			__func__, be32_to_cpu(rhead->h_version));
		return -EIO;
	}

	/* LR body must have data or it wouldn't have been written */
	hlen = be32_to_cpu(rhead->h_len);
	if (unlikely( hlen <= 0 || hlen > INT_MAX )) {
		XFS_ERROR_REPORT("xlog_valid_rec_header(2)",
				XFS_ERRLEVEL_LOW, log->l_mp);
		return -EFSCORRUPTED;
	}
	if (unlikely( blkno > log->l_logBBsize || blkno > INT_MAX )) {
		XFS_ERROR_REPORT("xlog_valid_rec_header(3)",
				XFS_ERRLEVEL_LOW, log->l_mp);
		return -EFSCORRUPTED;
	}
	return 0;
}

/*
 * Read the log from tail to head and process the log records found.
 * Handle the two cases where the tail and head are in the same cycle
 * and where the active portion of the log wraps around the end of
 * the physical log separately.  The pass parameter is passed through
 * to the routines called to process the data and is not looked at
 * here.
 */
STATIC int
xlog_do_recovery_pass(
	struct xlog		*log,
	xfs_daddr_t		head_blk,
	xfs_daddr_t		tail_blk,
	int			pass,
	xfs_daddr_t		*first_bad)	/* out: first bad log rec */
{
	xlog_rec_header_t	*rhead;
	xfs_daddr_t		blk_no;
	xfs_daddr_t		rhead_blk;
	char			*offset;
	xfs_buf_t		*hbp, *dbp;
	int			error = 0, h_size, h_len;
	int			error2 = 0;
	int			bblks, split_bblks;
	int			hblks, split_hblks, wrapped_hblks;
	struct hlist_head	rhash[XLOG_RHASH_SIZE];
	LIST_HEAD		(buffer_list);

	ASSERT(head_blk != tail_blk);
	rhead_blk = 0;

	/*
	 * Read the header of the tail block and get the iclog buffer size from
	 * h_size.  Use this to tell how many sectors make up the log header.
	 */
	if (xfs_sb_version_haslogv2(&log->l_mp->m_sb)) {
		/*
		 * When using variable length iclogs, read first sector of
		 * iclog header and extract the header size from it.  Get a
		 * new hbp that is the correct size.
		 */
		hbp = xlog_get_bp(log, 1);
		if (!hbp)
			return -ENOMEM;

		error = xlog_bread(log, tail_blk, 1, hbp, &offset);
		if (error)
			goto bread_err1;

		rhead = (xlog_rec_header_t *)offset;
		error = xlog_valid_rec_header(log, rhead, tail_blk);
		if (error)
			goto bread_err1;

		/*
		 * xfsprogs has a bug where record length is based on lsunit but
		 * h_size (iclog size) is hardcoded to 32k. Now that we
		 * unconditionally CRC verify the unmount record, this means the
		 * log buffer can be too small for the record and cause an
		 * overrun.
		 *
		 * Detect this condition here. Use lsunit for the buffer size as
		 * long as this looks like the mkfs case. Otherwise, return an
		 * error to avoid a buffer overrun.
		 */
		h_size = be32_to_cpu(rhead->h_size);
		h_len = be32_to_cpu(rhead->h_len);
		if (h_len > h_size) {
			if (h_len <= log->l_mp->m_logbsize &&
			    be32_to_cpu(rhead->h_num_logops) == 1) {
				xfs_warn(log->l_mp,
		"invalid iclog size (%d bytes), using lsunit (%d bytes)",
					 h_size, log->l_mp->m_logbsize);
				h_size = log->l_mp->m_logbsize;
			} else
				return -EFSCORRUPTED;
		}

		if ((be32_to_cpu(rhead->h_version) & XLOG_VERSION_2) &&
		    (h_size > XLOG_HEADER_CYCLE_SIZE)) {
			hblks = h_size / XLOG_HEADER_CYCLE_SIZE;
			if (h_size % XLOG_HEADER_CYCLE_SIZE)
				hblks++;
			xlog_put_bp(hbp);
			hbp = xlog_get_bp(log, hblks);
		} else {
			hblks = 1;
		}
	} else {
		ASSERT(log->l_sectBBsize == 1);
		hblks = 1;
		hbp = xlog_get_bp(log, 1);
		h_size = XLOG_BIG_RECORD_BSIZE;
	}

	if (!hbp)
		return -ENOMEM;
	dbp = xlog_get_bp(log, BTOBB(h_size));
	if (!dbp) {
		xlog_put_bp(hbp);
		return -ENOMEM;
	}

	memset(rhash, 0, sizeof(rhash));
	blk_no = rhead_blk = tail_blk;
	if (tail_blk > head_blk) {
		/*
		 * Perform recovery around the end of the physical log.
		 * When the head is not on the same cycle number as the tail,
		 * we can't do a sequential recovery.
		 */
		while (blk_no < log->l_logBBsize) {
			/*
			 * Check for header wrapping around physical end-of-log
			 */
			offset = hbp->b_addr;
			split_hblks = 0;
			wrapped_hblks = 0;
			if (blk_no + hblks <= log->l_logBBsize) {
				/* Read header in one read */
				error = xlog_bread(log, blk_no, hblks, hbp,
						   &offset);
				if (error)
					goto bread_err2;
			} else {
				/* This LR is split across physical log end */
				if (blk_no != log->l_logBBsize) {
					/* some data before physical log end */
					ASSERT(blk_no <= INT_MAX);
					split_hblks = log->l_logBBsize - (int)blk_no;
					ASSERT(split_hblks > 0);
					error = xlog_bread(log, blk_no,
							   split_hblks, hbp,
							   &offset);
					if (error)
						goto bread_err2;
				}

				/*
				 * Note: this black magic still works with
				 * large sector sizes (non-512) only because:
				 * - we increased the buffer size originally
				 *   by 1 sector giving us enough extra space
				 *   for the second read;
				 * - the log start is guaranteed to be sector
				 *   aligned;
				 * - we read the log end (LR header start)
				 *   _first_, then the log start (LR header end)
				 *   - order is important.
				 */
				wrapped_hblks = hblks - split_hblks;
				error = xlog_bread_offset(log, 0,
						wrapped_hblks, hbp,
						offset + BBTOB(split_hblks));
				if (error)
					goto bread_err2;
			}
			rhead = (xlog_rec_header_t *)offset;
			error = xlog_valid_rec_header(log, rhead,
						split_hblks ? blk_no : 0);
			if (error)
				goto bread_err2;

			bblks = (int)BTOBB(be32_to_cpu(rhead->h_len));
			blk_no += hblks;

			/* Read in data for log record */
			if (blk_no + bblks <= log->l_logBBsize) {
				error = xlog_bread(log, blk_no, bblks, dbp,
						   &offset);
				if (error)
					goto bread_err2;
			} else {
				/* This log record is split across the
				 * physical end of log */
				offset = dbp->b_addr;
				split_bblks = 0;
				if (blk_no != log->l_logBBsize) {
					/* some data is before the physical
					 * end of log */
					ASSERT(!wrapped_hblks);
					ASSERT(blk_no <= INT_MAX);
					split_bblks =
						log->l_logBBsize - (int)blk_no;
					ASSERT(split_bblks > 0);
					error = xlog_bread(log, blk_no,
							split_bblks, dbp,
							&offset);
					if (error)
						goto bread_err2;
				}

				/*
				 * Note: this black magic still works with
				 * large sector sizes (non-512) only because:
				 * - we increased the buffer size originally
				 *   by 1 sector giving us enough extra space
				 *   for the second read;
				 * - the log start is guaranteed to be sector
				 *   aligned;
				 * - we read the log end (LR header start)
				 *   _first_, then the log start (LR header end)
				 *   - order is important.
				 */
				error = xlog_bread_offset(log, 0,
						bblks - split_bblks, dbp,
						offset + BBTOB(split_bblks));
				if (error)
					goto bread_err2;
			}

			error = xlog_recover_process(log, rhash, rhead, offset,
						     pass, &buffer_list);
			if (error)
				goto bread_err2;

			blk_no += bblks;
			rhead_blk = blk_no;
		}

		ASSERT(blk_no >= log->l_logBBsize);
		blk_no -= log->l_logBBsize;
		rhead_blk = blk_no;
	}

	/* read first part of physical log */
	while (blk_no < head_blk) {
		error = xlog_bread(log, blk_no, hblks, hbp, &offset);
		if (error)
			goto bread_err2;

		rhead = (xlog_rec_header_t *)offset;
		error = xlog_valid_rec_header(log, rhead, blk_no);
		if (error)
			goto bread_err2;

		/* blocks in data section */
		bblks = (int)BTOBB(be32_to_cpu(rhead->h_len));
		error = xlog_bread(log, blk_no+hblks, bblks, dbp,
				   &offset);
		if (error)
			goto bread_err2;

		error = xlog_recover_process(log, rhash, rhead, offset, pass,
					     &buffer_list);
		if (error)
			goto bread_err2;

		blk_no += bblks + hblks;
		rhead_blk = blk_no;
	}

 bread_err2:
	xlog_put_bp(dbp);
 bread_err1:
	xlog_put_bp(hbp);

	/*
	 * Submit buffers that have been added from the last record processed,
	 * regardless of error status.
	 */
	if (!list_empty(&buffer_list))
		error2 = xfs_buf_delwri_submit(&buffer_list);

	if (error && first_bad)
		*first_bad = rhead_blk;

	return error ? error : error2;
}

/*
 * Do the recovery of the log.  We actually do this in two phases.
 * The two passes are necessary in order to implement the function
 * of cancelling a record written into the log.  The first pass
 * determines those things which have been cancelled, and the
 * second pass replays log items normally except for those which
 * have been cancelled.  The handling of the replay and cancellations
 * takes place in the log item type specific routines.
 *
 * The table of items which have cancel records in the log is allocated
 * and freed at this level, since only here do we know when all of
 * the log recovery has been completed.
 */
STATIC int
xlog_do_log_recovery(
	struct xlog	*log,
	xfs_daddr_t	head_blk,
	xfs_daddr_t	tail_blk)
{
	int		error, i;

	ASSERT(head_blk != tail_blk);

	/*
	 * First do a pass to find all of the cancelled buf log items.
	 * Store them in the buf_cancel_table for use in the second pass.
	 */
	log->l_buf_cancel_table = kmem_zalloc(XLOG_BC_TABLE_SIZE *
						 sizeof(struct list_head),
						 KM_SLEEP);
	for (i = 0; i < XLOG_BC_TABLE_SIZE; i++)
		INIT_LIST_HEAD(&log->l_buf_cancel_table[i]);

	error = xlog_do_recovery_pass(log, head_blk, tail_blk,
				      XLOG_RECOVER_PASS1, NULL);
	if (error != 0) {
		kmem_free(log->l_buf_cancel_table);
		log->l_buf_cancel_table = NULL;
		return error;
	}
	/*
	 * Then do a second pass to actually recover the items in the log.
	 * When it is complete free the table of buf cancel items.
	 */
	error = xlog_do_recovery_pass(log, head_blk, tail_blk,
				      XLOG_RECOVER_PASS2, NULL);
#ifdef DEBUG
	if (!error) {
		int	i;

		for (i = 0; i < XLOG_BC_TABLE_SIZE; i++)
			ASSERT(list_empty(&log->l_buf_cancel_table[i]));
	}
#endif	/* DEBUG */

	kmem_free(log->l_buf_cancel_table);
	log->l_buf_cancel_table = NULL;

	return error;
}

/*
 * Do the actual recovery
 */
STATIC int
xlog_do_recover(
	struct xlog	*log,
	xfs_daddr_t	head_blk,
	xfs_daddr_t	tail_blk)
{
	struct xfs_mount *mp = log->l_mp;
	int		error;
	xfs_buf_t	*bp;
	xfs_sb_t	*sbp;

	/*
	 * First replay the images in the log.
	 */
	error = xlog_do_log_recovery(log, head_blk, tail_blk);
	if (error)
		return error;

	/*
	 * If IO errors happened during recovery, bail out.
	 */
	if (XFS_FORCED_SHUTDOWN(mp)) {
		return -EIO;
	}

	/*
	 * We now update the tail_lsn since much of the recovery has completed
	 * and there may be space available to use.  If there were no extent
	 * or iunlinks, we can free up the entire log and set the tail_lsn to
	 * be the last_sync_lsn.  This was set in xlog_find_tail to be the
	 * lsn of the last known good LR on disk.  If there are extent frees
	 * or iunlinks they will have some entries in the AIL; so we look at
	 * the AIL to determine how to set the tail_lsn.
	 */
	xlog_assign_tail_lsn(mp);

	/*
	 * Now that we've finished replaying all buffer and inode
	 * updates, re-read in the superblock and reverify it.
	 */
	bp = xfs_getsb(mp, 0);
	bp->b_flags &= ~(XBF_DONE | XBF_ASYNC);
	ASSERT(!(bp->b_flags & XBF_WRITE));
	bp->b_flags |= XBF_READ;
	bp->b_ops = &xfs_sb_buf_ops;

	error = xfs_buf_submit_wait(bp);
	if (error) {
		if (!XFS_FORCED_SHUTDOWN(mp)) {
			xfs_buf_ioerror_alert(bp, __func__);
			ASSERT(0);
		}
		xfs_buf_relse(bp);
		return error;
	}

	/* Convert superblock from on-disk format */
	sbp = &mp->m_sb;
	xfs_sb_from_disk(sbp, XFS_BUF_TO_SBP(bp));
	xfs_buf_relse(bp);

	/* re-initialise in-core superblock and geometry structures */
	xfs_reinit_percpu_counters(mp);
	error = xfs_initialize_perag(mp, sbp->sb_agcount, &mp->m_maxagi);
	if (error) {
		xfs_warn(mp, "Failed post-recovery per-ag init: %d", error);
		return error;
	}
	mp->m_alloc_set_aside = xfs_alloc_set_aside(mp);

	xlog_recover_check_summary(log);

	/* Normal transactions can now occur */
	log->l_flags &= ~XLOG_ACTIVE_RECOVERY;
	return 0;
}

/*
 * Perform recovery and re-initialize some log variables in xlog_find_tail.
 *
 * Return error or zero.
 */
int
xlog_recover(
	struct xlog	*log)
{
	xfs_daddr_t	head_blk, tail_blk;
	int		error;

	/* find the tail of the log */
	error = xlog_find_tail(log, &head_blk, &tail_blk);
	if (error)
		return error;

	/*
	 * The superblock was read before the log was available and thus the LSN
	 * could not be verified. Check the superblock LSN against the current
	 * LSN now that it's known.
	 */
	if (xfs_sb_version_hascrc(&log->l_mp->m_sb) &&
	    !xfs_log_check_lsn(log->l_mp, log->l_mp->m_sb.sb_lsn))
		return -EINVAL;

	if (tail_blk != head_blk) {
		/* There used to be a comment here:
		 *
		 * disallow recovery on read-only mounts.  note -- mount
		 * checks for ENOSPC and turns it into an intelligent
		 * error message.
		 * ...but this is no longer true.  Now, unless you specify
		 * NORECOVERY (in which case this function would never be
		 * called), we just go ahead and recover.  We do this all
		 * under the vfs layer, so we can get away with it unless
		 * the device itself is read-only, in which case we fail.
		 */
		if ((error = xfs_dev_is_read_only(log->l_mp, "recovery"))) {
			return error;
		}

		/*
		 * Version 5 superblock log feature mask validation. We know the
		 * log is dirty so check if there are any unknown log features
		 * in what we need to recover. If there are unknown features
		 * (e.g. unsupported transactions, then simply reject the
		 * attempt at recovery before touching anything.
		 */
		if (XFS_SB_VERSION_NUM(&log->l_mp->m_sb) == XFS_SB_VERSION_5 &&
		    xfs_sb_has_incompat_log_feature(&log->l_mp->m_sb,
					XFS_SB_FEAT_INCOMPAT_LOG_UNKNOWN)) {
			xfs_warn(log->l_mp,
"Superblock has unknown incompatible log features (0x%x) enabled.",
				(log->l_mp->m_sb.sb_features_log_incompat &
					XFS_SB_FEAT_INCOMPAT_LOG_UNKNOWN));
			xfs_warn(log->l_mp,
"The log can not be fully and/or safely recovered by this kernel.");
			xfs_warn(log->l_mp,
"Please recover the log on a kernel that supports the unknown features.");
			return -EINVAL;
		}

		/*
		 * Delay log recovery if the debug hook is set. This is debug
		 * instrumention to coordinate simulation of I/O failures with
		 * log recovery.
		 */
		if (xfs_globals.log_recovery_delay) {
			xfs_notice(log->l_mp,
				"Delaying log recovery for %d seconds.",
				xfs_globals.log_recovery_delay);
			msleep(xfs_globals.log_recovery_delay * 1000);
		}

		xfs_notice(log->l_mp, "Starting recovery (logdev: %s)",
				log->l_mp->m_logname ? log->l_mp->m_logname
						     : "internal");

		error = xlog_do_recover(log, head_blk, tail_blk);
		log->l_flags |= XLOG_RECOVERY_NEEDED;
	}
	return error;
}

/*
 * In the first part of recovery we replay inodes and buffers and build
 * up the list of extent free items which need to be processed.  Here
 * we process the extent free items and clean up the on disk unlinked
 * inode lists.  This is separated from the first part of recovery so
 * that the root and real-time bitmap inodes can be read in from disk in
 * between the two stages.  This is necessary so that we can free space
 * in the real-time portion of the file system.
 */
int
xlog_recover_finish(
	struct xlog	*log)
{
	/*
	 * Now we're ready to do the transactions needed for the
	 * rest of recovery.  Start with completing all the extent
	 * free intent records and then process the unlinked inode
	 * lists.  At this point, we essentially run in normal mode
	 * except that we're still performing recovery actions
	 * rather than accepting new requests.
	 */
	if (log->l_flags & XLOG_RECOVERY_NEEDED) {
		int	error;
		error = xlog_recover_process_intents(log);
		if (error) {
			xfs_alert(log->l_mp, "Failed to recover intents");
			return error;
		}

		/*
		 * Sync the log to get all the intents out of the AIL.
		 * This isn't absolutely necessary, but it helps in
		 * case the unlink transactions would have problems
		 * pushing the intents out of the way.
		 */
		xfs_log_force(log->l_mp, XFS_LOG_SYNC);

		xlog_recover_process_iunlinks(log);

		xlog_recover_check_summary(log);

		xfs_notice(log->l_mp, "Ending recovery (logdev: %s)",
				log->l_mp->m_logname ? log->l_mp->m_logname
						     : "internal");
		log->l_flags &= ~XLOG_RECOVERY_NEEDED;
	} else {
		xfs_info(log->l_mp, "Ending clean mount");
	}
	return 0;
}

int
xlog_recover_cancel(
	struct xlog	*log)
{
	int		error = 0;

	if (log->l_flags & XLOG_RECOVERY_NEEDED)
		error = xlog_recover_cancel_intents(log);

	return error;
}

#if defined(DEBUG)
/*
 * Read all of the agf and agi counters and check that they
 * are consistent with the superblock counters.
 */
void
xlog_recover_check_summary(
	struct xlog	*log)
{
	xfs_mount_t	*mp;
	xfs_agf_t	*agfp;
	xfs_buf_t	*agfbp;
	xfs_buf_t	*agibp;
	xfs_agnumber_t	agno;
	__uint64_t	freeblks;
	__uint64_t	itotal;
	__uint64_t	ifree;
	int		error;

	mp = log->l_mp;

	freeblks = 0LL;
	itotal = 0LL;
	ifree = 0LL;
	for (agno = 0; agno < mp->m_sb.sb_agcount; agno++) {
		error = xfs_read_agf(mp, NULL, agno, 0, &agfbp);
		if (error) {
			xfs_alert(mp, "%s agf read failed agno %d error %d",
						__func__, agno, error);
		} else {
			agfp = XFS_BUF_TO_AGF(agfbp);
			freeblks += be32_to_cpu(agfp->agf_freeblks) +
				    be32_to_cpu(agfp->agf_flcount);
			xfs_buf_relse(agfbp);
		}

		error = xfs_read_agi(mp, NULL, agno, &agibp);
		if (error) {
			xfs_alert(mp, "%s agi read failed agno %d error %d",
						__func__, agno, error);
		} else {
			struct xfs_agi	*agi = XFS_BUF_TO_AGI(agibp);

			itotal += be32_to_cpu(agi->agi_count);
			ifree += be32_to_cpu(agi->agi_freecount);
			xfs_buf_relse(agibp);
		}
	}
}
#endif /* DEBUG */