=================================================================
Intel Omni-Path (OPA) Virtual Network Interface Controller (VNIC)
=================================================================

Intel Omni-Path (OPA) Virtual Network Interface Controller (VNIC) feature
supports Ethernet functionality over Omni-Path fabric by encapsulating
the Ethernet packets between HFI nodes.

Architecture
=============
The patterns of exchanges of Omni-Path encapsulated Ethernet packets
involves one or more virtual Ethernet switches overlaid on the Omni-Path
fabric topology. A subset of HFI nodes on the Omni-Path fabric are
permitted to exchange encapsulated Ethernet packets across a particular
virtual Ethernet switch. The virtual Ethernet switches are logical
abstractions achieved by configuring the HFI nodes on the fabric for
header generation and processing. In the simplest configuration all HFI
nodes across the fabric exchange encapsulated Ethernet packets over a
single virtual Ethernet switch. A virtual Ethernet switch, is effectively
an independent Ethernet network. The configuration is performed by an
Ethernet Manager (EM) which is part of the trusted Fabric Manager (FM)
application. HFI nodes can have multiple VNICs each connected to a
different virtual Ethernet switch. The below diagram presents a case
of two virtual Ethernet switches with two HFI nodes::

                               +-------------------+
                               |      Subnet/      |
                               |     Ethernet      |
                               |      Manager      |
                               +-------------------+
                                  /          /
                                /           /
                              /            /
                            /             /
  +-----------------------------+  +------------------------------+
  |  Virtual Ethernet Switch    |  |  Virtual Ethernet Switch     |
  |  +---------+    +---------+ |  | +---------+    +---------+   |
  |  | VPORT   |    |  VPORT  | |  | |  VPORT  |    |  VPORT  |   |
  +--+---------+----+---------+-+  +-+---------+----+---------+---+
           |                 \        /                 |
           |                   \    /                   |
           |                     \/                     |
           |                    /  \                    |
           |                  /      \                  |
       +-----------+------------+  +-----------+------------+
       |   VNIC    |    VNIC    |  |    VNIC   |    VNIC    |
       +-----------+------------+  +-----------+------------+
       |          HFI           |  |          HFI           |
       +------------------------+  +------------------------+


The Omni-Path encapsulated Ethernet packet format is as described below.

==================== ================================
Bits                 Field
==================== ================================
Quad Word 0:
0-19                 SLID (lower 20 bits)
20-30                Length (in Quad Words)
31                   BECN bit
32-51                DLID (lower 20 bits)
52-56                SC (Service Class)
57-59                RC (Routing Control)
60                   FECN bit
61-62                L2 (=10, 16B format)
63                   LT (=1, Link Transfer Head Flit)

Quad Word 1:
0-7                  L4 type (=0x78 ETHERNET)
8-11                 SLID[23:20]
12-15                DLID[23:20]
16-31                PKEY
32-47                Entropy
48-63                Reserved

Quad Word 2:
0-15                 Reserved
16-31                L4 header
32-63                Ethernet Packet

Quad Words 3 to N-1:
0-63                 Ethernet packet (pad extended)

Quad Word N (last):
0-23                 Ethernet packet (pad extended)
24-55                ICRC
56-61                Tail
62-63                LT (=01, Link Transfer Tail Flit)
==================== ================================

Ethernet packet is padded on the transmit side to ensure that the VNIC OPA
packet is quad word aligned. The 'Tail' field contains the number of bytes
padded. On the receive side the 'Tail' field is read and the padding is
removed (along with ICRC, Tail and OPA header) before passing packet up
the network stack.

The L4 header field contains the virtual Ethernet switch id the VNIC port
belongs to. On the receive side, this field is used to de-multiplex the
received VNIC packets to different VNIC ports.

Driver Design
==============
Intel OPA VNIC software design is presented in the below diagram.
OPA VNIC functionality has a HW dependent component and a HW
independent component.

The support has been added for IB device to allocate and free the RDMA
netdev devices. The RDMA netdev supports interfacing with the network
stack thus creating standard network interfaces. OPA_VNIC is an RDMA
netdev device type.

The HW dependent VNIC functionality is part of the HFI1 driver. It
implements the verbs to allocate and free the OPA_VNIC RDMA netdev.
It involves HW resource allocation/management for VNIC functionality.
It interfaces with the network stack and implements the required
net_device_ops functions. It expects Omni-Path encapsulated Ethernet
packets in the transmit path and provides HW access to them. It strips
the Omni-Path header from the received packets before passing them up
the network stack. It also implements the RDMA netdev control operations.

The OPA VNIC module implements the HW independent VNIC functionality.
It consists of two parts. The VNIC Ethernet Management Agent (VEMA)
registers itself with IB core as an IB client and interfaces with the
IB MAD stack. It exchanges the management information with the Ethernet
Manager (EM) and the VNIC netdev. The VNIC netdev part allocates and frees
the OPA_VNIC RDMA netdev devices. It overrides the net_device_ops functions
set by HW dependent VNIC driver where required to accommodate any control
operation. It also handles the encapsulation of Ethernet packets with an
Omni-Path header in the transmit path. For each VNIC interface, the
information required for encapsulation is configured by the EM via VEMA MAD
interface. It also passes any control information to the HW dependent driver
by invoking the RDMA netdev control operations::

        +-------------------+ +----------------------+
        |                   | |       Linux          |
        |     IB MAD        | |      Network         |
        |                   | |       Stack          |
        +-------------------+ +----------------------+
                 |               |          |
                 |               |          |
        +----------------------------+      |
        |                            |      |
        |      OPA VNIC Module       |      |
        |  (OPA VNIC RDMA Netdev     |      |
        |     & EMA functions)       |      |
        |                            |      |
        +----------------------------+      |
                    |                       |
                    |                       |
           +------------------+             |
           |     IB core      |             |
           +------------------+             |
                    |                       |
                    |                       |
        +--------------------------------------------+
        |                                            |
        |      HFI1 Driver with VNIC support         |
        |                                            |
        +--------------------------------------------+