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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 | Accessing PCI device resources through sysfs -------------------------------------------- sysfs, usually mounted at /sys, provides access to PCI resources on platforms that support it. For example, a given bus might look like this: /sys/devices/pci0000:17 |-- 0000:17:00.0 | |-- class | |-- config | |-- device | |-- enable | |-- irq | |-- local_cpus | |-- remove | |-- resource | |-- resource0 | |-- resource1 | |-- resource2 | |-- rom | |-- subsystem_device | |-- subsystem_vendor | `-- vendor `-- ... The topmost element describes the PCI domain and bus number. In this case, the domain number is 0000 and the bus number is 17 (both values are in hex). This bus contains a single function device in slot 0. The domain and bus numbers are reproduced for convenience. Under the device directory are several files, each with their own function. file function ---- -------- class PCI class (ascii, ro) config PCI config space (binary, rw) device PCI device (ascii, ro) enable Whether the device is enabled (ascii, rw) irq IRQ number (ascii, ro) local_cpus nearby CPU mask (cpumask, ro) remove remove device from kernel's list (ascii, wo) resource PCI resource host addresses (ascii, ro) resource0..N PCI resource N, if present (binary, mmap, rw[1]) resource0_wc..N_wc PCI WC map resource N, if prefetchable (binary, mmap) rom PCI ROM resource, if present (binary, ro) subsystem_device PCI subsystem device (ascii, ro) subsystem_vendor PCI subsystem vendor (ascii, ro) vendor PCI vendor (ascii, ro) ro - read only file rw - file is readable and writable wo - write only file mmap - file is mmapable ascii - file contains ascii text binary - file contains binary data cpumask - file contains a cpumask type [1] rw for RESOURCE_IO (I/O port) regions only The read only files are informational, writes to them will be ignored, with the exception of the 'rom' file. Writable files can be used to perform actions on the device (e.g. changing config space, detaching a device). mmapable files are available via an mmap of the file at offset 0 and can be used to do actual device programming from userspace. Note that some platforms don't support mmapping of certain resources, so be sure to check the return value from any attempted mmap. The most notable of these are I/O port resources, which also provide read/write access. The 'enable' file provides a counter that indicates how many times the device has been enabled. If the 'enable' file currently returns '4', and a '1' is echoed into it, it will then return '5'. Echoing a '0' into it will decrease the count. Even when it returns to 0, though, some of the initialisation may not be reversed. The 'rom' file is special in that it provides read-only access to the device's ROM file, if available. It's disabled by default, however, so applications should write the string "1" to the file to enable it before attempting a read call, and disable it following the access by writing "0" to the file. Note that the device must be enabled for a rom read to return data successfully. In the event a driver is not bound to the device, it can be enabled using the 'enable' file, documented above. The 'remove' file is used to remove the PCI device, by writing a non-zero integer to the file. This does not involve any kind of hot-plug functionality, e.g. powering off the device. The device is removed from the kernel's list of PCI devices, the sysfs directory for it is removed, and the device will be removed from any drivers attached to it. Removal of PCI root buses is disallowed. Accessing legacy resources through sysfs ---------------------------------------- Legacy I/O port and ISA memory resources are also provided in sysfs if the underlying platform supports them. They're located in the PCI class hierarchy, e.g. /sys/class/pci_bus/0000:17/ |-- bridge -> ../../../devices/pci0000:17 |-- cpuaffinity |-- legacy_io `-- legacy_mem The legacy_io file is a read/write file that can be used by applications to do legacy port I/O. The application should open the file, seek to the desired port (e.g. 0x3e8) and do a read or a write of 1, 2 or 4 bytes. The legacy_mem file should be mmapped with an offset corresponding to the memory offset desired, e.g. 0xa0000 for the VGA frame buffer. The application can then simply dereference the returned pointer (after checking for errors of course) to access legacy memory space. Supporting PCI access on new platforms -------------------------------------- In order to support PCI resource mapping as described above, Linux platform code must define HAVE_PCI_MMAP and provide a pci_mmap_page_range function. Platforms are free to only support subsets of the mmap functionality, but useful return codes should be provided. Legacy resources are protected by the HAVE_PCI_LEGACY define. Platforms wishing to support legacy functionality should define it and provide pci_legacy_read, pci_legacy_write and pci_mmap_legacy_page_range functions. |