Linux Audio

Check our new training course

Embedded Linux Audio

Check our new training course
with Creative Commons CC-BY-SA
lecture materials

Bootlin logo

Elixir Cross Referencer

Loading...
   1
   2
   3
   4
   5
   6
   7
   8
   9
  10
  11
  12
  13
  14
  15
  16
  17
  18
  19
  20
  21
  22
  23
  24
  25
  26
  27
  28
  29
  30
  31
  32
  33
  34
  35
  36
  37
  38
  39
  40
  41
  42
  43
  44
  45
  46
  47
  48
  49
  50
  51
  52
  53
  54
  55
  56
  57
  58
  59
  60
  61
  62
  63
  64
  65
  66
  67
  68
  69
  70
  71
  72
  73
  74
  75
  76
  77
  78
  79
  80
  81
  82
  83
  84
  85
  86
  87
  88
  89
  90
  91
  92
  93
  94
  95
  96
  97
  98
  99
 100
 101
 102
 103
 104
 105
 106
 107
 108
 109
 110
 111
 112
 113
 114
 115
 116
 117
 118
 119
 120
 121
 122
 123
 124
 125
 126
 127
 128
 129
 130
 131
 132
 133
 134
 135
 136
 137
 138
 139
 140
 141
 142
 143
 144
 145
 146
 147
 148
 149
 150
 151
 152
 153
 154
 155
 156
 157
 158
 159
 160
 161
 162
 163
 164
 165
 166
 167
 168
 169
 170
 171
 172
 173
 174
 175
 176
 177
 178
 179
 180
 181
 182
 183
 184
 185
 186
 187
 188
 189
 190
 191
 192
 193
 194
 195
 196
 197
 198
 199
 200
 201
 202
 203
 204
 205
 206
 207
 208
 209
 210
 211
 212
 213
 214
 215
 216
 217
 218
 219
 220
 221
 222
 223
 224
 225
 226
 227
 228
 229
 230
 231
 232
 233
 234
 235
 236
 237
 238
 239
 240
 241
 242
 243
 244
 245
 246
 247
 248
 249
 250
 251
 252
 253
 254
 255
 256
 257
 258
 259
 260
 261
 262
 263
 264
 265
 266
 267
 268
 269
 270
 271
 272
 273
 274
 275
 276
 277
 278
 279
 280
 281
 282
 283
 284
 285
 286
 287
 288
 289
 290
 291
 292
 293
 294
 295
 296
 297
 298
 299
 300
 301
 302
 303
 304
 305
 306
 307
 308
 309
 310
 311
 312
 313
 314
 315
 316
 317
 318
 319
 320
 321
 322
 323
 324
 325
 326
 327
 328
 329
 330
 331
 332
 333
 334
 335
 336
 337
 338
 339
 340
 341
 342
 343
 344
 345
 346
 347
 348
 349
 350
 351
 352
 353
 354
 355
 356
 357
 358
 359
 360
 361
 362
 363
 364
 365
 366
 367
 368
 369
 370
 371
 372
 373
 374
 375
 376
 377
 378
 379
 380
 381
 382
 383
 384
 385
 386
 387
 388
 389
 390
 391
 392
 393
 394
 395
 396
 397
 398
 399
 400
 401
 402
 403
 404
 405
 406
 407
 408
 409
 410
 411
 412
 413
 414
 415
 416
 417
 418
 419
 420
 421
 422
 423
 424
 425
 426
 427
 428
 429
 430
 431
 432
 433
 434
 435
 436
 437
 438
 439
 440
 441
 442
 443
 444
 445
 446
 447
 448
 449
 450
 451
 452
 453
 454
 455
 456
 457
 458
 459
 460
 461
 462
 463
 464
 465
 466
 467
 468
 469
 470
 471
 472
 473
 474
 475
 476
 477
 478
 479
 480
 481
 482
 483
 484
 485
 486
 487
 488
 489
 490
 491
 492
 493
 494
 495
 496
 497
 498
 499
 500
 501
 502
 503
 504
 505
 506
 507
 508
 509
 510
 511
 512
 513
 514
 515
 516
 517
 518
 519
 520
 521
 522
 523
 524
 525
 526
 527
 528
 529
 530
 531
 532
 533
 534
 535
 536
 537
 538
 539
 540
 541
 542
 543
 544
 545
 546
 547
 548
 549
 550
 551
 552
 553
 554
 555
 556
 557
 558
 559
 560
 561
 562
 563
 564
 565
 566
 567
 568
 569
 570
 571
 572
 573
 574
 575
 576
 577
 578
 579
 580
 581
 582
 583
 584
 585
 586
 587
 588
 589
 590
 591
 592
 593
 594
 595
 596
 597
 598
 599
 600
 601
 602
 603
 604
 605
 606
 607
 608
 609
 610
 611
 612
 613
 614
 615
 616
 617
 618
 619
 620
 621
 622
 623
 624
 625
 626
 627
 628
 629
 630
 631
 632
 633
 634
 635
 636
 637
 638
 639
 640
 641
 642
 643
 644
 645
 646
 647
 648
 649
 650
 651
 652
 653
 654
 655
 656
 657
 658
 659
 660
 661
 662
 663
 664
 665
 666
 667
 668
 669
 670
 671
 672
 673
 674
 675
 676
 677
 678
 679
 680
 681
 682
 683
 684
 685
 686
 687
 688
 689
 690
 691
 692
 693
 694
 695
 696
 697
 698
 699
 700
 701
 702
 703
 704
 705
 706
 707
 708
 709
 710
 711
 712
 713
 714
 715
 716
 717
 718
 719
 720
 721
 722
 723
 724
 725
 726
 727
 728
 729
 730
 731
 732
 733
 734
 735
 736
 737
 738
 739
 740
 741
 742
 743
 744
 745
 746
 747
 748
 749
 750
 751
 752
 753
 754
 755
 756
 757
 758
 759
 760
 761
 762
 763
 764
 765
 766
 767
 768
 769
 770
 771
 772
 773
 774
 775
 776
 777
 778
 779
 780
 781
 782
 783
 784
 785
 786
 787
 788
 789
 790
 791
 792
 793
 794
 795
 796
 797
 798
 799
 800
 801
 802
 803
 804
 805
 806
 807
 808
 809
 810
 811
 812
 813
 814
 815
 816
 817
 818
 819
 820
 821
 822
 823
 824
 825
 826
 827
 828
 829
 830
 831
 832
 833
 834
 835
 836
 837
 838
 839
 840
 841
 842
 843
 844
 845
 846
 847
 848
 849
 850
 851
 852
 853
 854
 855
 856
 857
 858
 859
 860
 861
 862
 863
 864
 865
 866
 867
 868
 869
 870
 871
 872
 873
 874
 875
 876
 877
 878
 879
 880
 881
 882
 883
 884
 885
 886
 887
 888
 889
 890
 891
 892
 893
 894
 895
 896
 897
 898
 899
 900
 901
 902
 903
 904
 905
 906
 907
 908
 909
 910
 911
 912
 913
 914
 915
 916
 917
 918
 919
 920
 921
 922
 923
 924
 925
 926
 927
 928
 929
 930
 931
 932
 933
 934
 935
 936
 937
 938
 939
 940
 941
 942
 943
 944
 945
 946
 947
 948
 949
 950
 951
 952
 953
 954
 955
 956
 957
 958
 959
 960
 961
 962
 963
 964
 965
 966
 967
 968
 969
 970
 971
 972
 973
 974
 975
 976
 977
 978
 979
 980
 981
 982
 983
 984
 985
 986
 987
 988
 989
 990
 991
 992
 993
 994
 995
 996
 997
 998
 999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
/* key.c: basic authentication token and access key management
 *
 * Copyright (C) 2004 Red Hat, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
 * Written by David Howells (dhowells@redhat.com)
 *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
 * as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version
 * 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 */

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/security.h>
#include <linux/workqueue.h>
#include <linux/err.h>
#include "internal.h"

static kmem_cache_t	*key_jar;
static key_serial_t	key_serial_next = 3;
struct rb_root		key_serial_tree; /* tree of keys indexed by serial */
DEFINE_SPINLOCK(key_serial_lock);

struct rb_root	key_user_tree; /* tree of quota records indexed by UID */
DEFINE_SPINLOCK(key_user_lock);

static LIST_HEAD(key_types_list);
static DECLARE_RWSEM(key_types_sem);

static void key_cleanup(void *data);
static DECLARE_WORK(key_cleanup_task, key_cleanup, NULL);

/* we serialise key instantiation and link */
DECLARE_RWSEM(key_construction_sem);

/* any key who's type gets unegistered will be re-typed to this */
static struct key_type key_type_dead = {
	.name		= "dead",
};

#ifdef KEY_DEBUGGING
void __key_check(const struct key *key)
{
	printk("__key_check: key %p {%08x} should be {%08x}\n",
	       key, key->magic, KEY_DEBUG_MAGIC);
	BUG();
}
#endif

/*****************************************************************************/
/*
 * get the key quota record for a user, allocating a new record if one doesn't
 * already exist
 */
struct key_user *key_user_lookup(uid_t uid)
{
	struct key_user *candidate = NULL, *user;
	struct rb_node *parent = NULL;
	struct rb_node **p;

 try_again:
	p = &key_user_tree.rb_node;
	spin_lock(&key_user_lock);

	/* search the tree for a user record with a matching UID */
	while (*p) {
		parent = *p;
		user = rb_entry(parent, struct key_user, node);

		if (uid < user->uid)
			p = &(*p)->rb_left;
		else if (uid > user->uid)
			p = &(*p)->rb_right;
		else
			goto found;
	}

	/* if we get here, we failed to find a match in the tree */
	if (!candidate) {
		/* allocate a candidate user record if we don't already have
		 * one */
		spin_unlock(&key_user_lock);

		user = NULL;
		candidate = kmalloc(sizeof(struct key_user), GFP_KERNEL);
		if (unlikely(!candidate))
			goto out;

		/* the allocation may have scheduled, so we need to repeat the
		 * search lest someone else added the record whilst we were
		 * asleep */
		goto try_again;
	}

	/* if we get here, then the user record still hadn't appeared on the
	 * second pass - so we use the candidate record */
	atomic_set(&candidate->usage, 1);
	atomic_set(&candidate->nkeys, 0);
	atomic_set(&candidate->nikeys, 0);
	candidate->uid = uid;
	candidate->qnkeys = 0;
	candidate->qnbytes = 0;
	spin_lock_init(&candidate->lock);
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&candidate->consq);

	rb_link_node(&candidate->node, parent, p);
	rb_insert_color(&candidate->node, &key_user_tree);
	spin_unlock(&key_user_lock);
	user = candidate;
	goto out;

	/* okay - we found a user record for this UID */
 found:
	atomic_inc(&user->usage);
	spin_unlock(&key_user_lock);
	kfree(candidate);
 out:
	return user;

} /* end key_user_lookup() */

/*****************************************************************************/
/*
 * dispose of a user structure
 */
void key_user_put(struct key_user *user)
{
	if (atomic_dec_and_lock(&user->usage, &key_user_lock)) {
		rb_erase(&user->node, &key_user_tree);
		spin_unlock(&key_user_lock);

		kfree(user);
	}

} /* end key_user_put() */

/*****************************************************************************/
/*
 * insert a key with a fixed serial number
 */
static void __init __key_insert_serial(struct key *key)
{
	struct rb_node *parent, **p;
	struct key *xkey;

	parent = NULL;
	p = &key_serial_tree.rb_node;

	while (*p) {
		parent = *p;
		xkey = rb_entry(parent, struct key, serial_node);

		if (key->serial < xkey->serial)
			p = &(*p)->rb_left;
		else if (key->serial > xkey->serial)
			p = &(*p)->rb_right;
		else
			BUG();
	}

	/* we've found a suitable hole - arrange for this key to occupy it */
	rb_link_node(&key->serial_node, parent, p);
	rb_insert_color(&key->serial_node, &key_serial_tree);

} /* end __key_insert_serial() */

/*****************************************************************************/
/*
 * assign a key the next unique serial number
 * - we work through all the serial numbers between 2 and 2^31-1 in turn and
 *   then wrap
 */
static inline void key_alloc_serial(struct key *key)
{
	struct rb_node *parent, **p;
	struct key *xkey;

	spin_lock(&key_serial_lock);

	/* propose a likely serial number and look for a hole for it in the
	 * serial number tree */
	key->serial = key_serial_next;
	if (key->serial < 3)
		key->serial = 3;
	key_serial_next = key->serial + 1;

attempt_insertion:
	parent = NULL;
	p = &key_serial_tree.rb_node;

	while (*p) {
		parent = *p;
		xkey = rb_entry(parent, struct key, serial_node);

		if (key->serial < xkey->serial)
			p = &(*p)->rb_left;
		else if (key->serial > xkey->serial)
			p = &(*p)->rb_right;
		else
			goto serial_exists;
	}

	/* we've found a suitable hole - arrange for this key to occupy it */
	rb_link_node(&key->serial_node, parent, p);
	rb_insert_color(&key->serial_node, &key_serial_tree);

	spin_unlock(&key_serial_lock);
	return;

	/* we found a key with the proposed serial number - walk the tree from
	 * that point looking for the next unused serial number */
 serial_exists:
	for (;;) {
		key->serial = key_serial_next;
		if (key->serial < 3)
			key->serial = 3;
		key_serial_next = key->serial + 1;
		if (key->serial == 3)
			goto attempt_insertion;

		parent = rb_next(parent);
		if (!parent)
			goto attempt_insertion;

		xkey = rb_entry(parent, struct key, serial_node);
		if (key->serial < xkey->serial)
			goto attempt_insertion;
	}

} /* end key_alloc_serial() */

/*****************************************************************************/
/*
 * allocate a key of the specified type
 * - update the user's quota to reflect the existence of the key
 * - called from a key-type operation with key_types_sem read-locked by
 *   key_create_or_update()
 *   - this prevents unregistration of the key type
 * - upon return the key is as yet uninstantiated; the caller needs to either
 *   instantiate the key or discard it before returning
 */
struct key *key_alloc(struct key_type *type, const char *desc,
		      uid_t uid, gid_t gid, key_perm_t perm,
		      int not_in_quota)
{
	struct key_user *user = NULL;
	struct key *key;
	size_t desclen, quotalen;
	int ret;

	key = ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
	if (!desc || !*desc)
		goto error;

	desclen = strlen(desc) + 1;
	quotalen = desclen + type->def_datalen;

	/* get hold of the key tracking for this user */
	user = key_user_lookup(uid);
	if (!user)
		goto no_memory_1;

	/* check that the user's quota permits allocation of another key and
	 * its description */
	if (!not_in_quota) {
		spin_lock(&user->lock);
		if (user->qnkeys + 1 >= KEYQUOTA_MAX_KEYS &&
		    user->qnbytes + quotalen >= KEYQUOTA_MAX_BYTES
		    )
			goto no_quota;

		user->qnkeys++;
		user->qnbytes += quotalen;
		spin_unlock(&user->lock);
	}

	/* allocate and initialise the key and its description */
	key = kmem_cache_alloc(key_jar, SLAB_KERNEL);
	if (!key)
		goto no_memory_2;

	if (desc) {
		key->description = kmalloc(desclen, GFP_KERNEL);
		if (!key->description)
			goto no_memory_3;

		memcpy(key->description, desc, desclen);
	}

	atomic_set(&key->usage, 1);
	init_rwsem(&key->sem);
	key->type = type;
	key->user = user;
	key->quotalen = quotalen;
	key->datalen = type->def_datalen;
	key->uid = uid;
	key->gid = gid;
	key->perm = perm;
	key->flags = 0;
	key->expiry = 0;
	key->payload.data = NULL;
	key->security = NULL;

	if (!not_in_quota)
		key->flags |= 1 << KEY_FLAG_IN_QUOTA;

	memset(&key->type_data, 0, sizeof(key->type_data));

#ifdef KEY_DEBUGGING
	key->magic = KEY_DEBUG_MAGIC;
#endif

	/* let the security module know about the key */
	ret = security_key_alloc(key);
	if (ret < 0)
		goto security_error;

	/* publish the key by giving it a serial number */
	atomic_inc(&user->nkeys);
	key_alloc_serial(key);

error:
	return key;

security_error:
	kfree(key->description);
	kmem_cache_free(key_jar, key);
	if (!not_in_quota) {
		spin_lock(&user->lock);
		user->qnkeys--;
		user->qnbytes -= quotalen;
		spin_unlock(&user->lock);
	}
	key_user_put(user);
	key = ERR_PTR(ret);
	goto error;

no_memory_3:
	kmem_cache_free(key_jar, key);
no_memory_2:
	if (!not_in_quota) {
		spin_lock(&user->lock);
		user->qnkeys--;
		user->qnbytes -= quotalen;
		spin_unlock(&user->lock);
	}
	key_user_put(user);
no_memory_1:
	key = ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
	goto error;

no_quota:
	spin_unlock(&user->lock);
	key_user_put(user);
	key = ERR_PTR(-EDQUOT);
	goto error;

} /* end key_alloc() */

EXPORT_SYMBOL(key_alloc);

/*****************************************************************************/
/*
 * reserve an amount of quota for the key's payload
 */
int key_payload_reserve(struct key *key, size_t datalen)
{
	int delta = (int) datalen - key->datalen;
	int ret = 0;

	key_check(key);

	/* contemplate the quota adjustment */
	if (delta != 0 && test_bit(KEY_FLAG_IN_QUOTA, &key->flags)) {
		spin_lock(&key->user->lock);

		if (delta > 0 &&
		    key->user->qnbytes + delta > KEYQUOTA_MAX_BYTES
		    ) {
			ret = -EDQUOT;
		}
		else {
			key->user->qnbytes += delta;
			key->quotalen += delta;
		}
		spin_unlock(&key->user->lock);
	}

	/* change the recorded data length if that didn't generate an error */
	if (ret == 0)
		key->datalen = datalen;

	return ret;

} /* end key_payload_reserve() */

EXPORT_SYMBOL(key_payload_reserve);

/*****************************************************************************/
/*
 * instantiate a key and link it into the target keyring atomically
 * - called with the target keyring's semaphore writelocked
 */
static int __key_instantiate_and_link(struct key *key,
				      const void *data,
				      size_t datalen,
				      struct key *keyring,
				      struct key *instkey)
{
	int ret, awaken;

	key_check(key);
	key_check(keyring);

	awaken = 0;
	ret = -EBUSY;

	down_write(&key_construction_sem);

	/* can't instantiate twice */
	if (!test_bit(KEY_FLAG_INSTANTIATED, &key->flags)) {
		/* instantiate the key */
		ret = key->type->instantiate(key, data, datalen);

		if (ret == 0) {
			/* mark the key as being instantiated */
			atomic_inc(&key->user->nikeys);
			set_bit(KEY_FLAG_INSTANTIATED, &key->flags);

			if (test_and_clear_bit(KEY_FLAG_USER_CONSTRUCT, &key->flags))
				awaken = 1;

			/* and link it into the destination keyring */
			if (keyring)
				ret = __key_link(keyring, key);

			/* disable the authorisation key */
			if (instkey)
				key_revoke(instkey);
		}
	}

	up_write(&key_construction_sem);

	/* wake up anyone waiting for a key to be constructed */
	if (awaken)
		wake_up_all(&request_key_conswq);

	return ret;

} /* end __key_instantiate_and_link() */

/*****************************************************************************/
/*
 * instantiate a key and link it into the target keyring atomically
 */
int key_instantiate_and_link(struct key *key,
			     const void *data,
			     size_t datalen,
			     struct key *keyring,
			     struct key *instkey)
{
	int ret;

	if (keyring)
		down_write(&keyring->sem);

	ret = __key_instantiate_and_link(key, data, datalen, keyring, instkey);

	if (keyring)
		up_write(&keyring->sem);

	return ret;

} /* end key_instantiate_and_link() */

EXPORT_SYMBOL(key_instantiate_and_link);

/*****************************************************************************/
/*
 * negatively instantiate a key and link it into the target keyring atomically
 */
int key_negate_and_link(struct key *key,
			unsigned timeout,
			struct key *keyring,
			struct key *instkey)
{
	struct timespec now;
	int ret, awaken;

	key_check(key);
	key_check(keyring);

	awaken = 0;
	ret = -EBUSY;

	if (keyring)
		down_write(&keyring->sem);

	down_write(&key_construction_sem);

	/* can't instantiate twice */
	if (!test_bit(KEY_FLAG_INSTANTIATED, &key->flags)) {
		/* mark the key as being negatively instantiated */
		atomic_inc(&key->user->nikeys);
		set_bit(KEY_FLAG_NEGATIVE, &key->flags);
		set_bit(KEY_FLAG_INSTANTIATED, &key->flags);
		now = current_kernel_time();
		key->expiry = now.tv_sec + timeout;

		if (test_and_clear_bit(KEY_FLAG_USER_CONSTRUCT, &key->flags))
			awaken = 1;

		ret = 0;

		/* and link it into the destination keyring */
		if (keyring)
			ret = __key_link(keyring, key);

		/* disable the authorisation key */
		if (instkey)
			key_revoke(instkey);
	}

	up_write(&key_construction_sem);

	if (keyring)
		up_write(&keyring->sem);

	/* wake up anyone waiting for a key to be constructed */
	if (awaken)
		wake_up_all(&request_key_conswq);

	return ret;

} /* end key_negate_and_link() */

EXPORT_SYMBOL(key_negate_and_link);

/*****************************************************************************/
/*
 * do cleaning up in process context so that we don't have to disable
 * interrupts all over the place
 */
static void key_cleanup(void *data)
{
	struct rb_node *_n;
	struct key *key;

 go_again:
	/* look for a dead key in the tree */
	spin_lock(&key_serial_lock);

	for (_n = rb_first(&key_serial_tree); _n; _n = rb_next(_n)) {
		key = rb_entry(_n, struct key, serial_node);

		if (atomic_read(&key->usage) == 0)
			goto found_dead_key;
	}

	spin_unlock(&key_serial_lock);
	return;

 found_dead_key:
	/* we found a dead key - once we've removed it from the tree, we can
	 * drop the lock */
	rb_erase(&key->serial_node, &key_serial_tree);
	spin_unlock(&key_serial_lock);

	key_check(key);

	security_key_free(key);

	/* deal with the user's key tracking and quota */
	if (test_bit(KEY_FLAG_IN_QUOTA, &key->flags)) {
		spin_lock(&key->user->lock);
		key->user->qnkeys--;
		key->user->qnbytes -= key->quotalen;
		spin_unlock(&key->user->lock);
	}

	atomic_dec(&key->user->nkeys);
	if (test_bit(KEY_FLAG_INSTANTIATED, &key->flags))
		atomic_dec(&key->user->nikeys);

	key_user_put(key->user);

	/* now throw away the key memory */
	if (key->type->destroy)
		key->type->destroy(key);

	kfree(key->description);

#ifdef KEY_DEBUGGING
	key->magic = KEY_DEBUG_MAGIC_X;
#endif
	kmem_cache_free(key_jar, key);

	/* there may, of course, be more than one key to destroy */
	goto go_again;

} /* end key_cleanup() */

/*****************************************************************************/
/*
 * dispose of a reference to a key
 * - when all the references are gone, we schedule the cleanup task to come and
 *   pull it out of the tree in definite process context
 */
void key_put(struct key *key)
{
	if (key) {
		key_check(key);

		if (atomic_dec_and_test(&key->usage))
			schedule_work(&key_cleanup_task);
	}

} /* end key_put() */

EXPORT_SYMBOL(key_put);

/*****************************************************************************/
/*
 * find a key by its serial number
 */
struct key *key_lookup(key_serial_t id)
{
	struct rb_node *n;
	struct key *key;

	spin_lock(&key_serial_lock);

	/* search the tree for the specified key */
	n = key_serial_tree.rb_node;
	while (n) {
		key = rb_entry(n, struct key, serial_node);

		if (id < key->serial)
			n = n->rb_left;
		else if (id > key->serial)
			n = n->rb_right;
		else
			goto found;
	}

 not_found:
	key = ERR_PTR(-ENOKEY);
	goto error;

 found:
	/* pretend it doesn't exist if it's dead */
	if (atomic_read(&key->usage) == 0 ||
	    test_bit(KEY_FLAG_DEAD, &key->flags) ||
	    key->type == &key_type_dead)
		goto not_found;

	/* this races with key_put(), but that doesn't matter since key_put()
	 * doesn't actually change the key
	 */
	atomic_inc(&key->usage);

 error:
	spin_unlock(&key_serial_lock);
	return key;

} /* end key_lookup() */

/*****************************************************************************/
/*
 * find and lock the specified key type against removal
 * - we return with the sem readlocked
 */
struct key_type *key_type_lookup(const char *type)
{
	struct key_type *ktype;

	down_read(&key_types_sem);

	/* look up the key type to see if it's one of the registered kernel
	 * types */
	list_for_each_entry(ktype, &key_types_list, link) {
		if (strcmp(ktype->name, type) == 0)
			goto found_kernel_type;
	}

	up_read(&key_types_sem);
	ktype = ERR_PTR(-ENOKEY);

 found_kernel_type:
	return ktype;

} /* end key_type_lookup() */

/*****************************************************************************/
/*
 * unlock a key type
 */
void key_type_put(struct key_type *ktype)
{
	up_read(&key_types_sem);

} /* end key_type_put() */

/*****************************************************************************/
/*
 * attempt to update an existing key
 * - the key has an incremented refcount
 * - we need to put the key if we get an error
 */
static inline key_ref_t __key_update(key_ref_t key_ref,
				     const void *payload, size_t plen)
{
	struct key *key = key_ref_to_ptr(key_ref);
	int ret;

	/* need write permission on the key to update it */
	ret = key_permission(key_ref, KEY_WRITE);
	if (ret < 0)
		goto error;

	ret = -EEXIST;
	if (!key->type->update)
		goto error;

	down_write(&key->sem);

	ret = key->type->update(key, payload, plen);
	if (ret == 0)
		/* updating a negative key instantiates it */
		clear_bit(KEY_FLAG_NEGATIVE, &key->flags);

	up_write(&key->sem);

	if (ret < 0)
		goto error;
out:
	return key_ref;

error:
	key_put(key);
	key_ref = ERR_PTR(ret);
	goto out;

} /* end __key_update() */

/*****************************************************************************/
/*
 * search the specified keyring for a key of the same description; if one is
 * found, update it, otherwise add a new one
 */
key_ref_t key_create_or_update(key_ref_t keyring_ref,
			       const char *type,
			       const char *description,
			       const void *payload,
			       size_t plen,
			       int not_in_quota)
{
	struct key_type *ktype;
	struct key *keyring, *key = NULL;
	key_perm_t perm;
	key_ref_t key_ref;
	int ret;

	/* look up the key type to see if it's one of the registered kernel
	 * types */
	ktype = key_type_lookup(type);
	if (IS_ERR(ktype)) {
		key_ref = ERR_PTR(-ENODEV);
		goto error;
	}

	key_ref = ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
	if (!ktype->match || !ktype->instantiate)
		goto error_2;

	keyring = key_ref_to_ptr(keyring_ref);

	key_check(keyring);

	key_ref = ERR_PTR(-ENOTDIR);
	if (keyring->type != &key_type_keyring)
		goto error_2;

	down_write(&keyring->sem);

	/* if we're going to allocate a new key, we're going to have
	 * to modify the keyring */
	ret = key_permission(keyring_ref, KEY_WRITE);
	if (ret < 0) {
		key_ref = ERR_PTR(ret);
		goto error_3;
	}

	/* search for an existing key of the same type and description in the
	 * destination keyring
	 */
	key_ref = __keyring_search_one(keyring_ref, ktype, description, 0);
	if (!IS_ERR(key_ref))
		goto found_matching_key;

	/* decide on the permissions we want */
	perm = KEY_POS_VIEW | KEY_POS_SEARCH | KEY_POS_LINK | KEY_POS_SETATTR;
	perm |= KEY_USR_VIEW | KEY_USR_SEARCH | KEY_USR_LINK | KEY_USR_SETATTR;

	if (ktype->read)
		perm |= KEY_POS_READ | KEY_USR_READ;

	if (ktype == &key_type_keyring || ktype->update)
		perm |= KEY_USR_WRITE;

	/* allocate a new key */
	key = key_alloc(ktype, description, current->fsuid, current->fsgid,
			perm, not_in_quota);
	if (IS_ERR(key)) {
		key_ref = ERR_PTR(PTR_ERR(key));
		goto error_3;
	}

	/* instantiate it and link it into the target keyring */
	ret = __key_instantiate_and_link(key, payload, plen, keyring, NULL);
	if (ret < 0) {
		key_put(key);
		key_ref = ERR_PTR(ret);
		goto error_3;
	}

	key_ref = make_key_ref(key, is_key_possessed(keyring_ref));

 error_3:
	up_write(&keyring->sem);
 error_2:
	key_type_put(ktype);
 error:
	return key_ref;

 found_matching_key:
	/* we found a matching key, so we're going to try to update it
	 * - we can drop the locks first as we have the key pinned
	 */
	up_write(&keyring->sem);
	key_type_put(ktype);

	key_ref = __key_update(key_ref, payload, plen);
	goto error;

} /* end key_create_or_update() */

EXPORT_SYMBOL(key_create_or_update);

/*****************************************************************************/
/*
 * update a key
 */
int key_update(key_ref_t key_ref, const void *payload, size_t plen)
{
	struct key *key = key_ref_to_ptr(key_ref);
	int ret;

	key_check(key);

	/* the key must be writable */
	ret = key_permission(key_ref, KEY_WRITE);
	if (ret < 0)
		goto error;

	/* attempt to update it if supported */
	ret = -EOPNOTSUPP;
	if (key->type->update) {
		down_write(&key->sem);

		ret = key->type->update(key, payload, plen);
		if (ret == 0)
			/* updating a negative key instantiates it */
			clear_bit(KEY_FLAG_NEGATIVE, &key->flags);

		up_write(&key->sem);
	}

 error:
	return ret;

} /* end key_update() */

EXPORT_SYMBOL(key_update);

/*****************************************************************************/
/*
 * revoke a key
 */
void key_revoke(struct key *key)
{
	key_check(key);

	/* make sure no one's trying to change or use the key when we mark
	 * it */
	down_write(&key->sem);
	set_bit(KEY_FLAG_REVOKED, &key->flags);
	up_write(&key->sem);

} /* end key_revoke() */

EXPORT_SYMBOL(key_revoke);

/*****************************************************************************/
/*
 * register a type of key
 */
int register_key_type(struct key_type *ktype)
{
	struct key_type *p;
	int ret;

	ret = -EEXIST;
	down_write(&key_types_sem);

	/* disallow key types with the same name */
	list_for_each_entry(p, &key_types_list, link) {
		if (strcmp(p->name, ktype->name) == 0)
			goto out;
	}

	/* store the type */
	list_add(&ktype->link, &key_types_list);
	ret = 0;

 out:
	up_write(&key_types_sem);
	return ret;

} /* end register_key_type() */

EXPORT_SYMBOL(register_key_type);

/*****************************************************************************/
/*
 * unregister a type of key
 */
void unregister_key_type(struct key_type *ktype)
{
	struct rb_node *_n;
	struct key *key;

	down_write(&key_types_sem);

	/* withdraw the key type */
	list_del_init(&ktype->link);

	/* mark all the keys of this type dead */
	spin_lock(&key_serial_lock);

	for (_n = rb_first(&key_serial_tree); _n; _n = rb_next(_n)) {
		key = rb_entry(_n, struct key, serial_node);

		if (key->type == ktype)
			key->type = &key_type_dead;
	}

	spin_unlock(&key_serial_lock);

	/* make sure everyone revalidates their keys */
	synchronize_rcu();

	/* we should now be able to destroy the payloads of all the keys of
	 * this type with impunity */
	spin_lock(&key_serial_lock);

	for (_n = rb_first(&key_serial_tree); _n; _n = rb_next(_n)) {
		key = rb_entry(_n, struct key, serial_node);

		if (key->type == ktype) {
			if (ktype->destroy)
				ktype->destroy(key);
			memset(&key->payload, 0xbd, sizeof(key->payload));
		}
	}

	spin_unlock(&key_serial_lock);
	up_write(&key_types_sem);

} /* end unregister_key_type() */

EXPORT_SYMBOL(unregister_key_type);

/*****************************************************************************/
/*
 * initialise the key management stuff
 */
void __init key_init(void)
{
	/* allocate a slab in which we can store keys */
	key_jar = kmem_cache_create("key_jar", sizeof(struct key),
			0, SLAB_HWCACHE_ALIGN|SLAB_PANIC, NULL, NULL);

	/* add the special key types */
	list_add_tail(&key_type_keyring.link, &key_types_list);
	list_add_tail(&key_type_dead.link, &key_types_list);
	list_add_tail(&key_type_user.link, &key_types_list);

	/* record the root user tracking */
	rb_link_node(&root_key_user.node,
		     NULL,
		     &key_user_tree.rb_node);

	rb_insert_color(&root_key_user.node,
			&key_user_tree);

	/* record root's user standard keyrings */
	key_check(&root_user_keyring);
	key_check(&root_session_keyring);

	__key_insert_serial(&root_user_keyring);
	__key_insert_serial(&root_session_keyring);

	keyring_publish_name(&root_user_keyring);
	keyring_publish_name(&root_session_keyring);

	/* link the two root keyrings together */
	key_link(&root_session_keyring, &root_user_keyring);

} /* end key_init() */