Configuring version 3.8 (for Linux) with some most common soundcards
====================================================================

This document describes configuring soundcards with freeware version of
Open Sound Systems (OSS/Free). Information about the commercial version
(OSS/Linux) and it's configuration is available from 
http://www.4front-tech.com/linux.html. Information presented here is
not valid for OSS/Linux. 

If you are unsure about how to configure OSS/Free
you can download the free evaluation version of OSS/Linux from the above
address. There is a chance that it can autodetect your soundcard. In this case
you can use the information included in soundon.log when configuring OSS/Free.


IMPORTANT!	This document covers only cards that were "known" when
		this driver version was released. Please look at
		http://www.4front-tech.com/ossfree for info about
		cards introduced recently.

		The following covers mainly the "old" configuration
		method (make config). Most of it is valid for the "new"
		configuration (make menuconfig/xconfig) too.

		Cards having some kind of loadable "microcode" such as
		PSS, SM Wave, AudioTrix Pro and Maui/Tropez must be
		configured using the old method. The new one will not 
		work with them. The "old" method is used by default by
		"make config". "make xconfig" will always use the "new"
		method. "make menuconfig" will allow you to select which
		method to use. After you have used the "new" method once
		it will always be used when you use any of the config
		programs. To return back to the "old" method you should
		execute "cp Config.std Config.in" in linux/drivers/sound.

		The /etc/soundconf file (forget it if you don't know what
		this file does) contains settings that are used only by
		the "old" method. Don't ever think the "active" settings
		are stored there (they really are _NOT_ stored
		there). Don't try to edit /etc/soundconf or any other
		kernel or sound driver config files manually. The _only_
		proper ways to change the settings are make config or
		make menuconfig (the "old" method).

		When using make xconfig and/or make menuconfig, you should
		carefully check each sound configuration option (particularly
		"Support for /dev/dsp and /dev/audio"). The default values
		offered by these programs are not necessarily valid.


THE BIGGEST MISTAKES YOU CAN DO
===============================

1. Assuming that the card is Sound Blaster compatible when it's not.
--------------------------------------------------------------------

The number one mistake is to assume that your card is compatible with
Sound Blaster. Only the cards made by Creative Technology or which have
one or more chips labeled by Creative are SB compatible. In addition there
are few sound chipsets which are SB compatible in Linux such as ESS1688 or
Jazz16. Note that SB compatibility in DOS/Windows does _NOT_ mean anything
in Linux. 

IF YOU REALLY ARE 150% SURE YOU REALLY HAVE A SOUND BLASTER YOU CAN SKIP THE
REST OF THIS CHAPTER.

For most other "supposed to be SB compatible" cards you have use other
than SB drivers (see below). It is possible to get most soundcards to work
in SB mode but in general it's complete waste of time. There are several
problems which you will encounter by using SB mode with cards that are not
truly SB compatible:

- The SB emulation is at most SB Pro (DSP version 3.x) which means that 
you get only 8 bit audio (there is always an another ("native") mode which
gives the 16 bit capability). The 8 bit only operation is the reason why
many users claim that sound quality in Linux is much worse than in DOS.
In addition some applications require 16 bit mode and they produce just
noise with a 8 bit only device.
- The card may work only in some cases but refuse to work most of the
time. The SB compatible mode always requires special intialization which is 
done by the DOS/Windows drivers. This kind of cards work in Linux after
you have warm booted it after DOS but they don't work after cold boot
(power on or reset).
- You get the famous "DMA timed out" messages. Usually all SB clones have
software selectable IRQ and DMA settings. If the (power on default) values
currently used by the card don't match configuration of the driver you will
get the above error message whenever you try to record or play. There are
few other reasons to the DMA timeout message but using the SB mode seems
to be the most common cause.

2. Trying to use a PnP (Plug & Play) card just like an ordinary soundcard
-------------------------------------------------------------------------

Plug & Play is a protocol defined by Intel and Microsoft. It let's operating
systems to easily identify and reconfigure I/O ports, IRQs and DMAs of ISA
cards. The problem with PnP cards is that the standard Linux doesn't currently
(versions 2.1.x and earlier) don't support PnP. This means that you will have
to use some special tricks (see later) to get a PnP card alive. Many PnP cards
work after they have been initialized but this is not always the case.

There are usually both a non PnP and PnP versions of the same soundcard.
The non PnP version is the original model which usually has been discontinued
more than an year ago. The PnP version has the same name but with a PnP
appended to it (sometimes not). This causes major confusion since even the
non PnP model works with Linux the PnP one doesn't.

You should carefully check if "Plug & Play" or "PnP" is mentioned in the name
of the card or in the documentation or package that came with the card. 
Everything described in the rest of this document is not necessarily valid
for PnP models of soudcards even you have managed to wake up the card properly.
Many PnP cards are simply too much different than their original non PnP
ancestors which are covered by this document.


Cards that are not (fully) supported by this driver
===================================================

See http://www.4front-tech.com/ossfree for information about soundcards 
to be supported in future. 


How to use sound without recompiling kernel and/or sound driver
===============================================================

There is commercial sound driver which should be released during Apr 96.
It comes in precompiled form and doesn't require recompiling of kernel. See
http://www.4Front-tech.com/oss.html for more info.


Configuring PnP cards
=====================

New versions of most soundcards use so called ISA PnP protocol for
soft configuring their I/O, IRQ, DMA and shared memory resources.
Currently at least cards made by Creative Technology (SB32 and SB32AWE
PnP), Gravis (GUS PnP and GUS PnP Pro), Ensoniq (Soundscape PnP) and
Aztech (some Sound Galaxy models) use PnP technology. The CS4232/4236 audio
chip by Crystal Semiconductor (Intel Atlantis, HP Pavilion and many other
motherboards) is also based on PnP technology but there is a "native" driver
available for it (see information about CS4232 later in this document).

PnP soundcards (as well as most other PnP ISA cards) are not supported
by this version of the driver . Proper
support for them should be released during 97 once the kernel level
PnP support is available.

There is a method to get most of the PnP cards to work. The basic method
is the following:

1) Boot DOS so that card's DOS drivers have chance to initialize the
card.
2) _Cold_ boot to Linux by using "loadlin.exe". Hitting ctrl-alt-del
works with older machines but causes hard reset of all cards on latest
(Pentium) machines.
3) If you have sound driver in Linux configured properly, the card should work
now. "Proper" means here that I/O, IRQ and DMA settings are the same than in
DOS. The hard part is to find which settings were used. See documentation of
your card for more info.

Windows 95 could work as well as DOS but running loadlin may be somehow 
difficult. Probably you should "shut down" your machine to MS-DOS mode
before running it.

Some machines have BIOS utility for setting PnP resources. This is a good
way to configure some cards. In this case you don't need to boot DOS/Win95
prior starting Linux.

Another way to initialize PnP cards without DOS/Win95 is a Linux based
PnP isolation tool. When writing this there is a pre alpha test version
of such tool available from ftp://ftp.demon.co.uk/pub/unix/linux/utils. The
file is called isapnptools-*. Please note that this tool is just a temporary
solution which may be incompatible with future kernel versions having proper
support for PnP cards. There are bugs in setting DMA channels in earlier
versions of isapnptools so at least version 1.6 is required with soundcards.

Yet another way to use PnP cards is to use (commercial) OSS/Linux drivers.
See http://www.4front-tech.com/linux.html for more info. This is the way
you probably like to do it if you don't waste hours of time in recompiling
kernel and the required tools.


Read this before trying to configure the driver
===============================================

There are currently many cards that work with this driver. Some of the cards
have native support while others work since they emulate some other
card (usually SB, MSS/WSS and/or MPU401). The following cards have native
support in the driver. Detailed instructions for configuring these cards
will be given later in this document.

Pro Audio Spectrum 16 (PAS16) and compatibles:
	Pro Audio Spectrum 16
	Pro Audio Studio 16
	Logitech Sound Man 16
	NOTE! The original Pro Audio Spectrum as well as the PAS+ are not
	      and will not be supported by the driver.

Media Vision Jazz16 based cards
	Pro Sonic 16
	Logitech SoundMan Wave
	(Other Jazz based cards should work but I don't have any reports
	about them).

Sound Blasters
	SB 1.0 to 2.0
	SB Pro
	SB 16
	SB32/64/AWE
		Configure SB32/64/AWE just like SB16. See lowlevel/README.awe
		for information about using the wave table synth.
	        NOTE! AWE63/Gold and 16/32/AWE "PnP" cards need to be activated
		      using isapnptools before they work with OSS/Free.
	SB16 compatible cards by other manufacturers than Creative.
		You have been fooled since there are _no_ SB16 compatible
		cards on the market (May 97). It's likely that your card
		is compatible just with SB Pro but there is also a non-SB-
		compatible 16 bit mode. Usually it's MSS/WSS but it could also
		be a proprietary one like MV Jazz16 or ESS ES688. OPTi
		MAD16 chips are very common in so called "SB 16 bit cards"
		(try with the MAD16 driver).

	======================================================================
	"Supposed to be SB compatible" cards.
		Forget the SB compatibility and check for other alternatives
		first. The only cards that work with the SB driver in
		Linux have been made by Creative Technology (there is at least
		one chip on the card with "CREATIVE" printed on it). The
		only other SB compatible chips are ESS and Jazz16 chips
		(maybe ALSxxx chips too but they probably don't work).
		Most other "16 bit SB compatible" cards such as "OPTi/MAD16" or
		"Crystal" are _NOT_ SB compatible in Linux.

		Practically all soundcards have some kind of SB emulation mode
		in addition to their native (16 bit) mode. In most cases this
		(8 bit only) SB compatible mode doesn't work with Linux. If
		you get it working it may cause problems with games and
		applications which require 16 bit audio. Some 16 bit only
		applications don't check if the card actually supports 16 bits.
		They just dump 16 bit data to a 8 bit card which produces just
		noise.

		In most cases the 16 bit native mode is supported by Linux.
		Use the SB mode with "clones" only if you don't find anything
		better from the rest of this doc.
	======================================================================

Gravis Ultrasound (GUS)
	GUS
	GUS + the 16 bit option
	GUS MAX
	GUS ACE (No MIDI port and audio recording)
	GUS PnP (with RAM)

MPU-401	and compatibles
	The driver works both with the full (intelligent mode) MPU-401
	cards (such as MPU IPC-T and MQX-32M) and with the UART only
	dumb MIDI ports. MPU-401 is currently the most common MIDI
	interface. Most soundcards are compatible with it. However,
	don't enable MPU401 mode blindly. Many cards with native support
	in the driver have their own MPU401 driver. Enabling the standard one
	will cause a conflict with these cards. So check if your card is
	in the list of supported cards before enabling MPU401.

Windows Sound System (MSS/WSS)
	Even when Microsoft has discontinued their own Sound System card 
	they managed to make it a standard. MSS compatible cards are based on 
	a codec chip which is easily available from at least two manufacturers
	(AD1848 by Analog Devices and CS4231/CS4248 by Crystal Semiconductor).
	Currently most soundcards are based on one of the MSS compatible codec
	chips. The CS4231 is used in the high quality cards such as GUS MAX,
	MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro and TB Tropez (GUS MAX is not MSS compatible). 

	Having a AD1848, CS4248 or CS4231 codec chip on the card is a good
	sign. Even if the card is not MSS compatible, it could be easy to write
	support for it. Note also that most MSS compatible cards
	require special boot time initialization which may not be present
	in the driver. Also, some MSS compatible cards have native support.
	Enabling the MSS support with these cards is likely to
	cause a conflict. So check if your card is listed in this file before
	enabling the MSS support.

Yamaha FM synthesizers (OPL2, OPL3 (not OPL3-SA) and OPL4)
	Most soundcards have a FM synthesizer chip. The OPL2 is a 2
	operator chip used in the original AdLib card. Currently it's used
	only in the cheapest (8 bit mono) cards. The OPL3 is a 4 operator 
	FM chip which provides better sound quality and/or more available 
	voices than the OPL2. The OPL4 is a new chip that has an OPL3 and
	a wave table synthesizer packed onto the same chip. The driver supports
	just the OPL3 mode directly. Most cards with an OPL4 (like
	SM Wave and AudioTrix Pro) support the OPL4 mode using MPU401
	emulation. Writing a native OPL4 support is difficult
	since Yamaha doesn't give information about their sample ROM chip.

	Enable the generic OPL2/OPL3 FM synthesizer support if your
	card has a FM chip made by Yamaha. Don't enable it if your card
	has a software (TRS) based FM emulator.

	----------------------------------------------------------------
	NOTE! OPL3-SA is different chip than the ordinary OPL3. In addition
	to the FM synth this chip has also digital audio (WSS) and
	MIDI (MPU401) capabilities. Support for OPL3-SA is described below.
	----------------------------------------------------------------

Yamaha OPL3-SA1

	Yamaha OPL3-SA1 (YMF701) is an audio controller chip used on some
	(Intel) motherboards and on cheap soundcards. It should not be
	confused with the original OPL3 chip (YMF278) which is entirely
        different chip. OPL3-SA1 has support for MSS, MPU401 and SB Pro
	(not used in OSS/Free) in addition to the OPL3 FM synth.

	There are also chips called OPL3-SA2, OPL3-SA3, ..., OPL3SA-N. They
	are PnP chips and will not work with the OPL3-SA1 driver. You should 
	use the standard MSS, MPU401 and OPL3 options with thses chips and to
	activate the card using isapnptools.

4Front Technologies SoftOSS

	SoftOSS is a software based wave table emulation which works with
	any 16 bit stereo soundcard. Due to it's nature a fast CPU is
	required (P133 is minumum). Althoug SoftOSS doesn _not_ use MMX
	instructions it has proven out that recent processors (which appear
	to have MMX) perform significantly better with SoftOSS than earlier
	ones. For example a P166MMX beats a PPro200. SoftOSS should not be used
	on 486 or 386 machines.

	The amount of CPU load caused by SoftOSS can be controlled by 
	selecting the SOFTOSS_RATE and SOFTOSS_VOICES parameters properly
	(they will be prompted by make config). It's recommended to set
	SOFTOSS_VOICES to 32. If you have a P166MMX or faster (PPro200 is
	not faster) you can set SOFTOSS_RATE to 44100 (kHz). However with
	slower systems it recommended to use sampling rates around 22050
	or even 16000 kHz. Selecting too high values for these parameters
        may hang your system when playing MIDI files with hight degree of
	polyphony (number of concurrently playing notes). It's also possible to
	decrease SOFTOSS_VOICES. This makes it possible to use higher sampling
	rates. However using fewer voices decreases playback quality more than
	decreasing the sampling rate.

	SoftOSS keeps the samples loaded on system's RAM so large RAM is
	required. SoftOSS should never be used on machines with less than 16M
	of RAM since this is potentially dangerous (you may accidently run out
	of memory which probably crashes the machine). 

	SoftOSS implements the wave table API originally designed for GUS. For
	this reason all applications designed for GUS should work (at least
	after minor modifications). For example gmod/xgmod and playmidi -g are
	known to work.

	To work SoftOSS will require GUS compatible
	patch files to be installed on the system (in /dos/ultrasnd/midi). You
	can use the public domain MIDIA patchset available from several ftp
	sites.

        *********************************************************************
	IMPORTANT NOTICE! The original patch set distributed with Gravis 
	Ultrasound card is not in public domain (even it's available from
	some ftp sites). You should contact Voice Crystal (www.voicecrystal.com)
	if you like to use these patches with SoftOSS included in OSS/Free.
        *********************************************************************

PSS based cards (AD1848 + ADSP-2115 + Echo ESC614 ASIC)
	Analog Devices and Echo Speech have together defined a soundcard
	architecture based on the above chips. The DSP chip is used
	for emulation of SB Pro, FM and General MIDI/MT32.

	There are several cards based on this architecture. The most known
	ones are Orchid SW32 and Cardinal DSP16. 

	The driver supports downloading DSP algorithms to these cards.

	NOTE! You will have to use the "old" config script when configuring
	PSS cards.

MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro
	The ATP card is built around a CS4231 codec and an OPL4 synthesizer
	chips. The OPL4 mode is supported by a microcontroller running a
	General MIDI emulator. There is also a SB 1.5 compatible playback mode.

	NOTE! You will have to use the "old" config script when configuring
	AudioTrix Pro.

Ensoniq SoundScape and compatibles
	Ensoniq has designed a soundcard architecture based on the
	OTTO synthesizer chip used in their professional MIDI synthesizers.
	Several companies (including Ensoniq, Reveal and Spea) are selling
	cards based on this architecture.

	NOTE! The SoundScape PnP is not supported by OSS/Free. Ensoniq VIVO and
	VIVO90 cards are not compatible with Soundscapes so the Soundscape driver
	will not work with them. You may want to use OSS/Linux with these cards.

OPTi MAD16 and Mozart based cards
	The Mozart (OAK OTI-601), MAD16 (OPTi 82C928), MAD16 Pro (OPTi 82C929),
	OPTi 82C924/82C925 (in _non_ PnP mode) and OPTi 82C930 interface
	chips are used in many different soundcards, including some
	cards by Reveal miro and Turtle Beach (Tropez). The purpose of these
	chips is to connect other audio components to the PC bus. The
	interface chip performs address decoding for the other chips.
	NOTE! Tropez Plus is not MAD16 but CS4232 based.
	NOTE! MAD16 PnP cards (82C924, 82C925, 82C931) are not MAD16 compatible
	in the PnP mode. You will have to use them in MSS mode after having
	initialized them using isapnptools or DOS. 82C931 probably requires
	initialization using DOS/Windows (running isapnptools is not enough).
	It's possible to use 82C931 with OSS/Free by jumpering it to non-PnP
	mode (provided that the card has a jumper for this). In non-PnP mode
	82C931 is compatible with 82C930 and should work with the MAD16 driver
	(without need to use isapnptools or DOS to initialize it). All OPTi
	chips are supported by OSS/Linux (both in PnP and non-PnP modes).

Audio Excel DSP16 
	Support for this card was written by Riccardo Faccetti
	(riccardo@cdc8g5.cdc.polimi.it). The AEDSP16 driver included in
	the lowlevel/ directory. To use it you should use the "new" config
	script and to enable the "Additional low level drivers" option.

Crystal CS4232 and CS4236 based cards such as AcerMagic S23, TB Tropez _Plus_ and 
	many PC motherboards (Compaq, HP, Intel, ...)
	CS4232 is a PnP multimedia chip which contains a CS3231A codec,
	SB and MPU401 emulations. There is support for OPL3 too.
	Unfortunately the MPU401 mode doesn't work (I don't know how to
	initialize it). CS4236 is an enhanced (compatible) version of CS4232.
	NOTE! Don't ever try to use isapnptools with CS4232 since this just
	freezes your machine (due to chip bugs). If you have problems in getting
	CS4232 working you could try initializing it with DOS (CS4232C.EXE) and
	then booting Linux using loadlin. CS4232C.EXE loads a secret firmware
	patch which is not documented by Crystal.

Turtle Beach Maui and Tropez "classic"
	This driver version supports sample, patch and program loading commands
	described in the Maui/Tropez User's manual. 
	There is now full initialization support too. The audio side of
	the Tropez is based on the MAD16 chip (see above).
	NOTE! You will have to use the "old" config script when configuring
	Maui or Tropez.
	NOTE! Tropez Plus is different card than Tropez "classic" and will not
	work fully in Linux. You can get audio features working by configuring
	the card as a CS4232 based card (above).


Jumpers and software configuration
==================================

Some of the earliest soundcards were jumper configurable. You have to
configure the driver use I/O, IRQ and DMA settings
that match the jumpers. Just few 8 bit cards are fully jumper 
configurable (SB 1.x/2.x, SB Pro and clones).
Some cards made by Aztech have an EEPROM which contains the 
config info. These cards behave much like hardware jumpered cards.

Most cards have jumper for the base I/O address but other parameters
are software configurable. Sometimes there are few other jumpers too.

Latest cards are fully software configurable or they are PnP ISA
compatible. There are no jumpers on the board.

The driver handles software configurable cards automatically. Just configure
the driver to use I/O, IRQ and DMA settings which are known to work.
You could usually use the same values than with DOS and/or Windows.
Using different settings is possible but not recommended since it may cause
some trouble (for example when warm booting from an OS to another or
when installing new hardware to the machine).

Sound driver sets the soft configurable parameters of the card automatically
during boot. Usually you don't need to run any extra initialization
programs when booting Linux but there are some exceptions. See the
card specific instructions (below) for more info.

The drawback of software configuration is that the driver needs to know
how the card must be initialized. It cannot initialize unknown cards
even if they are otherwise compatible with some other cards (like SB,
MPU401 or Windows Sound System).


What if your card was not listed above?
=======================================

The first thing to do is to look at the major IC chips on the card.
Many of the latest soundcards are based on some standard chips. If you
are lucky, all of them could be supported by the driver. The most common ones
are the OPTi MAD16, Mozart, SoundScape (Ensoniq) and the PSS architectures
listed above. Also look at the end of this file for list of unsupported
cards and the ones which could be supported later.

The last resort is to send _exact_ name and model information of the card
to me together with a list of the major IC chips (manufactured, model) to 
me. I could then try to check if your card looks like something familiar.

There are much more cards in the word than listed above. The first thing to
do with these cards is to check if they emulate some other card/interface
such as SB, MSS and/or MPU401. In this case there is a chance to get the
card to work by booting DOS before starting Linux (boot DOS, hit ctrl-alt-del
and boot Linux without hard resetting the machine). In this method the
DOS based driver initializes the hardware to use a known I/O, IRQ and DMA
settings. If sound driver is configured to use the same settings, everything should 
work OK.


Configuring sound driver (with Linux)
=====================================

Sound driver is currently a part of Linux kernel distribution. The 
driver files are located in directory /usr/src/linux/drivers/sound. 

****************************************************************************
*	ALWAYS USE THE SOUND DRIVER VERSION WHICH IS DISTRIBUTED WITH	   *
*	THE KERNEL SOURCE PACKAGE YOU ARE USING. SOME ALPHA AND BETA TEST  *
*	VERSIONS CAN BE INSTALLED FROM A SEPARATELY DISTRIBUTED PACKAGE	   *
*	BUT CHECK THAT THE PACKAGE IS NOT MUCH OLDER (OR NEWER) THAN THE   *
*	KERNEL YOU ARE USING. IT'S POSSIBLE THAT THE KERNEL/DRIVER 	   *
*	INTERFACE CHANGES BETWEEN KERNEL RELEASES WHICH MAY CAUSE SOME	   *
*	INCOMPATIBILITY PROBLEMS.					   *
*									   *
*	IN CASE YOU INSTALL A SEPARATELY DISTRIBUTED SOUND DRIVER VERSION, *
*	BE SURE TO REMOVE OR RENAME THE OLD SOUND DRIVER DIRECTORY BEFORE  *
*	INSTALLING THE NEW ONE. LEAVING OLD FILES TO THE SOUND DRIVER	   *
*	DIRECTORY _WILL_ CAUSE PROBLEMS WHEN THE DRIVER IS USED OR	   *
*	COMPILED.							   *
****************************************************************************

To configure the driver, run "make config" in the kernel source directory
(/usr/src/linux). Answer y to the question about Sound card support (after
questions about mouse, CD-ROM, ftape, etc. supports). Sound config options
will then be asked after some additional questions.

After configuring the kernel and sound driver, run "make dep" and compile
the kernel following instructions in the kernel README.

The sound driver configuration dialog
-------------------------------------

All config information of the sound driver is written to file 
linux/drivers/sound/local.h. You may save the old version is this file and
use it again in case you want to use the same config later. In this case
just answer n to each question made by the sound config program and put
the original local.h back before running "make dep".
Don't do this if the version number of the sound driver has changed. In this
case you have to enter the configuration information again.

If you already have the sound driver installed, consult printout of
"cat /dev/sndstat" when configuring the driver again. It gives the I/O,
IRQ and DMA settings you have used earlier.


The sound config program (linux/drivers/sound/configure) starts by making
some yes/no questions. Be careful when answering to these questions since
answering y to a question may prevent some later ones from being asked. For
example don't answer y to the first question (PAS16) if you don't really
have a PAS16. Don't enable more cards than you really need since they
just consume memory. Also some drivers (like MPU401) may conflict with your
SCSI controller and prevent kernel from booting. If you card was in the list
of supported cards (above), please look at the card specific config 
instructions (later in this file) before starting to configure. Some cards
must be configured in way which is not obvious.

So here is the beginning of the config dialog. Answer 'y' or 'n' to these
questions. The default answer is shown so that (y/n) means 'y' by default and
(n/y) means 'n'. To use the default value, just hit ENTER. But be careful
since using the default _doesn't_ guarantee anything.

Note also that all questions may not be asked. The configuration program
may disable some questions depending on the earlier choices. It may also
select some options automatically as well.

  "ProAudioSpectrum 16 support",
	- Answer 'y'_ONLY_ if you have a Pro Audio Spectrum _16_,
	  Pro Audio Studio 16 or Logitech SoundMan 16 (be sure that
	  you read the above list correctly). Don't answer 'y' if you
	  have some other card made by Media Vision or Logitech since they
	  are not PAS16 compatible.
	  NOTE! Since 3.5-beta10 you need to enable SB support (next question)
	  if you want to use the SB emulation of PAS16. It's also possible to
   	  the emulation if you want to use a true SB card together with PAS16
	  (there is another question about this that is asked later).
  "Sound Blaster support",
	- Answer 'y' if you have an original SB card made by Creative Labs
	  or a full 100% hardware compatible clone (like Thunderboard or
	  SM Games). If your card was in the list of supported cards (above),
	  please look at the card specific instructions later in this file
	  before answering this question. For an unknown card you may answer 
	  'y' if the card claims to be SB compatible.
	 Enable this option also with PAS16 (changed since v3.5-beta9).

	 Don't enable SB if you have a MAD16 or Mozart compatible card.

  "Generic OPL2/OPL3 FM synthesizer support",
	- Answer 'y' if your card has a FM chip made by Yamaha (OPL2/OPL3/OPL4).
	  Answering 'y' is usually a safe and recommended choice. However some
	  cards may have software (TSR) FM emulation. Enabling FM support
	  with these cards may cause trouble. However I don't currently know
	  such cards.
  "Gravis Ultrasound support",
	- Answer 'y' if you have GUS or GUS MAX. Answer 'n' if you don't
	  have GUS since the GUS driver consumes much memory.
	  Currently I don't have experiences with the GUS ACE so I don't
	  know what to answer with it.
  "MPU-401 support (NOT for SB16)",
	- Be careful with this question. The MPU401 interface is supported
	  by almost any soundcard today. However some natively supported cards
	  have their own driver for MPU401. Enabling the MPU401 option with
	  these cards will cause a conflict. Also enabling MPU401 on a system
	  that doesn't really have a MPU401 could cause some trouble. If your
	  card was in the list of supported cards (above), please look at
	  the card specific instructions later in this file.

	  In MOST cases this MPU401 driver should only be used with "true"
	  MIDI-only MPU401 professional cards. In most other cases there
	  is another way to get the MPU401 compatible interface of a
	  soundcard to work.
	  Support for the MPU401 compatible MIDI port of SB16, ESS1688
	  and MV Jazz16 cards is included in the SB driver. Use it instead
	  of this separate MPU401 driver with these cards. As well 
	  Soundscape, PSS and Maui drivers include their own MPU401
	  options.

	  It's safe to answer 'y' if you have a true MPU401 MIDI interface
	  card. 
  "6850 UART Midi support",
	- It's safe to answer 'n' to this question in all cases. The 6850
	  UART interface is so rarely used.
  "PSS (ECHO-ADI2111) support",
	- Answer 'y' only if you have Orchid SW32, Cardinal DSP16 or some
	  other card based on the PSS chipset (AD1848 codec + ADSP-2115
	  DSP chip + Echo ESC614 ASIC CHIP).
  "16 bit sampling option of GUS (_NOT_ GUS MAX)",
	- Answer 'y' if you have installed the 16 bit sampling daughtercard
	  to your GUS. Answer 'n' if you have GUS MAX. Enabling this option
	  disables GUS MAX support.
  "GUS MAX support",
	- Answer 'y' only if you have a GUS MAX.
  "Microsoft Sound System support",
	- Again think carefully before answering 'y' to this question. It's
	  safe to answer 'y' in case you have the original Windows Sound 
	  System card made by Microsoft or Aztech SG 16 Pro (or NX16 Pro).
	  Also you may answer 'y' in case your card was not listed earlier
	  in this file. For cards having native support in the driver, consult
	  the card specific instructions later in this file. Some drivers
	  have their own MSS support and enabling this option will cause a
	  conflict. 
	  Note! The MSS driver permits configuring two DMA channels. This is a
	  "nonstandard" feature and works only with very few cards (if any).
	  In most cases the second DMA channel should be disabled or set to
	  the same channel than the first one. Trying to configure two separate
	  channels with cards that don't support this feature will prevent
	  audio (at least recording) from working.
  "Ensoniq Soundscape support",
	- Answer 'y' if you have a soundcard based on the Ensoniq SoundScape
	  chipset. Such cards are being manufactured at least by Ensoniq,
	  Spea and Reveal (note that Reveal makes other cards also). Oldest
	  cards made by Spea don't work properly with Linux. 
	  Soundscape PnP as well as Ensoniq VIVO work only with the commercial
	  OSS/Linux version.
  "MediaTrix AudioTrix Pro support",
	- Answer 'y' if you have the AudioTrix Pro.
  "Support for MAD16 and/or Mozart based cards",
	- Answer y if your card has a Mozart (OAK OTI-601) or MAD16
	  (OPTi 82C928, 82C929, 82C924/82C925 or 82C930) audio interface chip. 
	  These chips are
	  currently quite common so it's possible that many no-name cards
	  have one of them. In addition the MAD16 chip is used in some
	  cards made by known manufacturers such as Turtle Beach (Tropez),
	  Reveal (some models) and Diamond (some recent models).
	  Note OPTi 82C924 and 82C925 are MAD16 compatible only in non PnP
	  mode (jumper selectable on many cards).
  "Support for TB Maui"
	- This enables TB Maui specific initialization. Works with TB Maui
	and TB Tropez (may not work with Tropez Plus).


Then the configuration program asks some y/n questions about the higher
level services. It's recommended to answer 'y' to each of these questions.
Answer 'n' only if you know you will not need the option.

  "MIDI interface support",
	- Answering 'n' disables /dev/midi## devices and access to any
	  MIDI ports using /dev/sequencer and /dev/music. This option
	  also affects any MPU401 and/or General MIDI compatible devices.
  "FM synthesizer (YM3812/OPL-3) support",
	- Answer 'y' here.
  "/dev/sequencer support",
	- Answering 'n' disables /dev/sequencer and /dev/music.

Entering the I/O, IRQ and DMA config parameters
-----------------------------------------------

After the above questions the configuration program prompts for the
card specific configuration information. Usually just a set of
I/O address, IRQ and DMA numbers are asked. With some cards the program
asks for some files to be used during initialization of the card. For example
many cards have a DSP chip or microprocessor which must be initialized by
downloading a program (microcode) file to the card. In some cases this file
is written to a .h file by the config program and then included to the driver
during compile.

Instructions for answering these questions are given in the next section.


Card specific information
=========================

This section gives additional instructions about configuring some cards.
Please refer manual of your card for valid I/O, IRQ and DMA numbers. Using
the same settings with DOS/Windows and Linux is recommended. Using
different values could cause some problems when switching between
different operating systems.

Sound Blasters (the original ones by Creative)
---------------------------------------------

NOTE! Check if you have a PnP Sound Blaster (cards sold after summer 1995
      are almost certainly PnP ones). With PnP cards you should use isapnptools
      to activate them (see above).

It's possible to configure these cards to use different I/O, IRQ and
DMA settings. Since the possible/default settings have changed between various
models, you have to consult manual of your card for the proper ones. It's
a good idea to use the same values than with DOS/Windows. With SB and SB Pro
it's the only choice. SB16 has software selectable IRQ and DMA channels but
using different values with DOS and Linux is likely to cause troubles. The
DOS driver is not able to reset the card properly after warm boot from Linux
if Linux has used different IRQ or DMA values.

The original (steam) Sound Blaster (versions 1.x and 2.x) use always
DMA1. There is no way to change it.

The SB16 needs two DMA channels. A 8 bit one (1 or 3) is required for
8 bit operation and a 16 bit one (5, 6 or 7) for the 16 bit mode. In theory
it's possible to use just one (8 bit) DMA channel by answering the 8 bit
one when the configuration program asks for the 16 bit one. This may work
in some systems but is likely to cause terrible noise on some other systems.

It's possible to use two SB16/32/64 at the same time. To do this you should
first configure OSS/Free for one card. Then edit local.h manually and define
SB2_BASE, SB2_IRQ, SB2_DMA and SB2_DMA2 for the second one. You can't get
the OPL3, MIDI and EMU8000 devices of the second card to work. If you are
going to use two PnP Sound Blasters, ensure that they are of different model
and have different PnP ID's. There is no way to get two cards with the same
card ID and serial number to work. The easiest way to check this is trying 
if isapnptools can see both cards or just one.

NOTE!	Don't enable the SM Games option (asked by the configuration program)
	if you are not 101% sure that your card is a Logitech Soundman Games
	(not a SM Wave or SM16).

SB Clones
---------

First of all: There are no SB16 clones. There are SB Pro clones with a
16 bit mode which is not SB16 compatible. The most likely alternative is that
the 16 bit mode means MSS/WSS.

There are just few fully 100% hardware SB or SB Pro compatible cards.
I know just Thunderboard and SM Games. Other cards require some kind of
hardware initialization before they become SB compatible. Check if your card
was listed in the beginning of this file. In this case you should follow
instructions for your card later in this file.

For other not fully SB clones you may try initialization using DOS in
the following way:

	- Boot DOS so that the card specific driver gets run.
	- Hit ctrl-alt-del (or use loadlin) to boot Linux. Don't
	  switch off power or press the reset button.
	- If you use the same I/O, IRQ and DMA settings in Linux, the
	  card should work.

If your card is both SB and MSS compatible, I recommend using the MSS mode.
Most cards of this kind are not able to work in the SB and the MSS mode 
simultaneously. Using the MSS mode provides 16 bit recording and playback.

ProAudioSpectrum 16 and compatibles
-----------------------------------

PAS16 has a SB emulation chip which can be used together with the native
(16 bit) mode of the card. To enable this emulation you should configure 
the driver to have SB support too (this has been changed since version
3.5-beta9 of this driver).

With current driver versions it's also possible to use PAS16 together with 
another SB compatible card. In this case you should configure SB support
for the other card and to disable the SB emulation of PAS16 (there is a
separate questions about this).

With PAS16 you can use two audio device files at the same time. /dev/dsp (and
/dev/audio) is connected to the 8/16 bit native codec and the /dev/dsp1 (and
/dev/audio1) is connected to the SB emulation (8 bit mono only).

Gravis Ultrasound
-----------------

There are many different revisions of the Ultrasound card (GUS). The
earliest ones (pre 3.7) don't have a hardware mixer. With these cards
the driver uses a software emulation for synth and pcm playbacks. It's
also possible to switch some of the inputs (line in, mic) off by setting
mixer volume of the channel level below 10%. For recording you have
to select the channel as a recording source and to use volume above 10%.

GUS 3.7 has a hardware mixer.

GUS MAX and the 16 bit sampling daughtercard have a CS4231 codec chip which 
also contains a mixer.

Configuring GUS is simple. Just enable the GUS support and GUS MAX or
the 16 bit daughtercard if you have them. Note that enabling the daughter
card disables GUS MAX driver.

NOTE for owners of the 16 bit daughtercard: By default the daughtercard
uses /dev/dsp (and /dev/audio). Command "ln -sf /dev/dsp1 /dev/dsp"
selects the daughter card as the default device.

With just the standard GUS enabled the configuration program prompts
for the I/O, IRQ and DMA numbers for the card. Use the same values than
with DOS.

With the daughter card option enabled you will be prompted for the I/O,
IRQ and DMA numbers for the daughter card. You have to use different I/O
and DMA values than for the standard GUS. The daughter card permits
simultaneous recording and playback. Use /dev/dsp (the daughtercard) for
recording and /dev/dsp1 (GUS GF1) for playback.

GUS MAX uses the same I/O address and IRQ settings than the original GUS
(GUS MAX = GUS + a CS4231 codec). In addition an extra DMA channel may be used.
Using two DMA channels permits simultaneous playback using two devices
(dev/dsp0 and /dev/dsp1). The second DMA channel is required for
full duplex audio.
To enable the second DMA channels, give a valid DMA channel when the config
program asks for the GUS MAX DMA (entering -1 disables the second DMA).
Using 16 bit DMA channels (5,6 or 7) is recommended.

If you have problems in recording with GUS MAX, you could try to use
just one 8 bit DMA channel. Recording will not work with one DMA
channel if it's a 16 bit one.

Microphone input of GUS MAX is connected to mixer in little bit nonstandard
way. There is actually two microphone volume controls. Normal "mic" controls
only recording level. Mixer control "speaker" is used to control volume of
microphone signal connected directly to line/speaker out. So just decrease
volume of "speaker" if you have problems with microphone feedback.

GUS ACE works too but any attempt to record or to use the MIDI port
will fail.

GUS PnP (with RAM) is partially supported but it needs to be initialized using
DOS or isapnptools before starting the driver.

MPU401 and Windows Sound System
-------------------------------

Again. Don't enable these options in case your card is listed
somewhere else in this file.

Configuring these cards is obvious (or it should be). With MSS
you should probably enable the OPL3 synth also since
most MSS compatible cards have it. However check that this is true
before enabling OPL3.

Sound driver supports more than one MPU401 compatible cards at the same time
but the config program asks config info for just the first of them.
Adding the second or third MPU interfaces must be done manually by
editing sound/local.h (after running the config program). Add defines for
MPU2_BASE & MPU2_IRQ (and MPU3_BASE & MPU3_IRQ) to the file.

CAUTION!

The default I/O base of Adaptec AHA-1542 SCSI controller is 0x330 which
is also the default of the MPU401 driver. Don't configure the sound driver to
use 0x330 as the MPU401 base if you have a AHA1542. The kernel will not boot
if you make this mistake.

PSS
---

Even the PSS cards are compatible with SB, MSS and MPU401, you must not
enable these options when configuring the driver. The configuration
program handles these options itself. (You may use the SB, MPU and MSS options
together with PSS if you have another card on the system).

The PSS driver enables MSS and MPU401 modes of the card. SB is not enabled 
since it doesn't work concurrently with MSS. The driver loads also a
DSP algorithm which is used to for the general MIDI emulation. The
algorithm file (.ld) is read by the config program and written to a
file included when the pss.c is compiled. For this reason the config
program asks if you want to download the file. Use the genmidi.ld file
distributed with the DOS/Windows drivers of the card (don't use the mt32.ld).
With some cards the file is called 'synth.ld'. You must have access to
the file when configuring the driver. The easiest way is to mount the DOS
partition containing the file with Linux. 

It's possible to load your own DSP algorithms and run them with the card.
Look at the directory pss_test of snd-util-3.0.tar.gz for more info.

AudioTrix Pro
-------------

You have to enable the OPL3 and SB (not SB Pro or SB16) drivers in addition
to the native AudioTrix driver. Don't enable MSS or MPU drivers.

Configuring ATP is little bit tricky since it uses so many I/O, IRQ and
DMA numbers. Using the same values than with DOS/Win is a good idea. Don't
attempt to use the same IRQ or DMA channels twice.

The SB mode of ATP is implemented so the the ATP driver just enables SB
in the proper address. The SB driver handles the rest. You have to configure
both the SB driver and the SB mode of ATP to use the same IRQ, DMA and I/O
settings.

Also the ATP has a microcontroller for the General MIDI emulation (OPL4).
For this reason the driver asks for the name of a file containing the
microcode (TRXPRO.HEX). This file is usually located in the directory
where the DOS drivers were installed. You must have access to this file
when configuring the driver. 

If you have the effects daughtercard, it must be initialized by running
the setfx program of snd-util-3.0.tar.gz package. This step is not required
when using the (future) binary distribution version of the driver.

Ensoniq SoundScape
------------------

NOTE!	The new PnP SoundScape is not supported yet. Soundscape compatible
	cards made by Reveal don't work with Linux. They use older revision
	of the Soundscape chipset which is not fully compatible with
	newer cards made by Ensoniq.

The SoundScape driver handles initialization of MSS and MPU supports
itself so you don't need to enable other drivers than SoundScape
(enable also the /dev/dsp, /dev/sequencer and MIDI supports).

!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!                                                                   !!!!
!!!!! NOTE! Before version 3.5-beta6 there WERE two sets of audio 	!!!!
!!!!!       device files (/dev/dsp0 and /dev/dsp1). The first one WAS   !!!!
!!!!!	    used only for card initialization and the second for audio  !!!!
!!!!!	    purposes. It WAS required to change /dev/dsp (a symlink) to !!!!
!!!!!	    point to /dev/dsp1.						!!!!
!!!!!                                                                   !!!!
!!!!!	    This is not required with OSS versions 3.5-beta6 and later	!!!!
!!!!!	    since there is now just one audio device file. Please 	!!!!
!!!!!	    change /dev/dsp to point back to /dev/dsp0 if you are	!!!!
!!!!!	    upgrading from an earlier driver version using		!!!!
!!!!!	    (cd /dev;rm dsp;ln -s dsp0 dsp).				!!!!
!!!!!                                                                   !!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

The configuration program asks one DMA channel and two interrupts. One IRQ
and one DMA is used by the MSS codec. The second IRQ is required for the
MPU401 mode (you have to use different IRQs for both purposes).
There were earlier two DMA channels for SoundScape but the current driver
version requires just one.

The SoundScape card has a Motorola microcontroller which must initialized
_after_ boot (the driver doesn't initialize it during boot).
The initialization is done by running the 'ssinit' program which is
distributed in the snd-util-3.0.tar.gz package. You have to edit two
defines in the ssinit.c and then compile the program. You may run ssinit 
manually (after each boot) or add it to /etc/rc.d/rc.local.

The ssinit program needs the microcode file that comes with the DOS/Windows
driver of the card. You will need to use version 1.30.00 or later
of the microcode file (sndscape.co0 or sndscape.co1 depending on
your card model). THE OLD sndscape.cod WILL NOT WORK. IT WILL HANG YOUR
MACHINE. The only way to get the new microcode file is to download
and install the DOS/Windows driver from ftp://ftp.ensoniq.com/pub.

Then you have to select the proper microcode file to use: soundscape.co0
is the right one for most cards and sndscape.co1 is for few (older) cards
made by Reveal and/or Spea. The driver has capability to detect the card
version during boot. Look at the boot log messages in /var/adm/messages
and locate the sound driver initialization message for the SoundScape
card. If the driver displays string <Ensoniq Soundscape (old)>, you have
an old card and you will need to use sndscape.co1. For other cards use
soundscape.co0. New Soundscape revisions such as Elite and PnP use
code files with higher numbers (.co2, .co3, etc.).

NOTE!	Ensoniq Soundscape VIVO is not compatible with other Soundscape cards.
	Currently it's possible to use it in Linux only with OSS/Linux
	drivers.

Check /var/adm/messages after running ssinit. The driver prints
the board version after downloading the microcode file. That version
number must match the number in the name of the microcode file (extension).

Running ssinit with a wrong version of the sndscape.co? file is not
dangerous as long as you don't try to use a file called sndscape.cod.
If you have initialized the card using a wrong microcode file (sounds
are terrible), just modify ssinit.c to use another microcode file and try
again. It's possible to use an earlier version of sndscape.co[01] but it
may sound weird.

MAD16 (Pro) and Mozart
----------------------

You need to enable just the MAD16 /Mozart support when configuring
the driver. _Don't_ enable SB, MPU401 or MSS. However you will need the
/dev/audio, /dev/sequencer and MIDI supports.

Mozart and OPTi 82C928 (the original MAD16) chips don't support
MPU401 mode so enter just 0 when the configuration program asks the
MPU/MIDI I/O base. The MAD16 Pro (OPTi 82C929) and 82C930 chips have MPU401
mode.

TB Tropez is based on the 82C929 chip. It has two MIDI ports.
The one connected to the MAD16 chip is the second one (there is a second
MIDI connector/pins somewhere??). If you have not connected the second MIDI
port, just disable the MIDI port of MAD16. The 'Maui' compatible synth of
Tropez is jumper configurable and not connected to the MAD16 chip (the
Maui driver can be used with it).

Some MAD16 based cards may cause feedback, whistle or terrible noise if the
line3 mixer channel is turned too high. This happens at least with Shuttle
Sound System. Current driver versions set volume of line3 low enough so
this should not be a problem.

If you have a MAD16 card which have an OPL4 (FM + Wave table) synthesizer
chip (_not_ an OPL3), you have to append a line containing #define MAD16_OPL4
to the file linux/drivers/sound/local.h (after running make config).

MAD16 cards having a CS4231 codec support full duplex mode. This mode
can be enabled by configuring the card to use two DMA channels. Possible
DMA channel pairs are: 0&1, 1&0 and 3&0.

NOTE! Cards having an OPTi 82C924/82C925 chip work with OSS/Free only in
non-PnP mode (usually jumper selectable). The PnP mode is supported only
by OSS/Linux.

MV Jazz (ProSonic)
------------------

The Jazz16 driver is just a hack made to the SB Pro driver. However it works
fairly well. You have to enable SB, SB Pro (_not_ SB16) and MPU401 supports
when configuring the driver. The configuration program asks later if you
want support for MV Jazz16 based cards (after asking SB base address). Answer
'y' here and the driver asks the second (16 bit) DMA channel.

The Jazz16 driver uses the MPU401 driver in a way which will cause
problems if you have another MPU401 compatible card. In this case you must
give address of the Jazz16 based MPU401 interface when the config
program prompts for the MPU401 information. Then look at the MPU401
specific section for instructions about configuring more than one MPU401 cards.

Logitech Soundman Wave
----------------------

NOTE! You will have to use the "old" config script when configuring
      SM Wave.

Read the above MV Jazz specific instructions first.

The Logitech SoundMan Wave (don't confuse with the SM16 or SM Games) is
a MV Jazz based card which has an additional OPL4 based wave table
synthesizer. The OPL4 chip is handled by an on board microcontroller
which must be initialized during boot. The config program asks if
you have a SM Wave immediately after asking the second DMA channel of jazz16.
If you answer 'y', the config program will ask name of the file containing
code to be loaded to the microcontroller. The file is usually called
MIDI0001.BIN and it's located in the DOS/Windows driver directory. The file
may also be called as TSUNAMI.BIN or something else (older cards?).

The OPL4 synth will be inaccessible without loading the microcontroller code.

Also remember to enable SB MPU401 support if you want to use the OPL4 mode.
(Don't enable the 'normal' MPU401 device as with some earlier driver
versions (pre 3.5-alpha8)).

NOTE!	Don't answer 'y' when the driver asks about SM Games support
	(the next question after the MIDI0001.BIN name). However
	answering 'y' doesn't cause damage your computer so don't panic. 

Sound Galaxies
--------------

There are many different Sound Galaxy cards made by Aztech. The 8 bit
ones are fully SB or SB Pro compatible and there should be no problems
with them. 

The older 16 bit cards (SG Pro16, SG NX Pro16, Nova and Lyra) have
an EEPROM chip for storing the configuration data. There is a microcontroller
which initializes the card to match the EEPROM settings when the machine
is powered on. These cards actually behave just like they have jumpers
for all of the settings. Configure driver for MSS, MPU, SB/SB Pro  and OPL3 
supports with these cards. 

There are some new Sound Galaxies in the market. I have no experience with
them so read the card's manual carefully.

ESS ES1688 and ES688 'AudioDrive' based cards
---------------------------------------------

Support for these two ESS chips is embedded in the SB driver.
Configure these cards just like SB. Enable the 'SB MPU401 MIDI port'
if you want to use MIDI features of ES1688. ES688 doesn't have MPU mode
so you don't need to enable it (the driver uses normal SB MIDI automatically
with ES688).

NOTE! ESS cards are not compatible with MSS/WSS so don't worry if MSS support
of OSS doesn't work with it.

There are some ES1688/688 based soundcards and (particularily) motherboards
which use software configurable I/O port relocation feature of the chip.
This ESS proprietary feature is supported only by OSS/Linux.

There are ES1688 based cards which use different interrupt pin assignment than
recommended by ESS (5, 7, 9/2 and 10). In this case all IRQ's don't work.
At least a card called (Pearl?) Hypersound 16 supports IRQ15 but it doesn't
work.

ES1868 is a PnP chip which is (supposed to be) compatible with ESS1688
brobably works with OSS/Free after initialization using isapnptools.

Reveal cards
------------

There are several different cards made/marketed by Reveal. Some of them
are compatible with SoundScape and some use the MAD16 chip. You may have
to look at the card and try to identify origin of the card.

Diamond
-------

The oldest (Sierra Aria based) soundcards made by Diamond are not supported
(they may work if the card is initialized using DOS). The recent (LX?)
models are based on the MAD16 chip which is supported by the driver.

Audio Excel DSP16
-----------------

Support for this card is currently not functional. A new driver for it
should be available later this year.

PCMCIA cards
------------

Sorry, can't help. Some cards may work and some don't.

TI TM4000M notebooks
--------------------

These computers have a built in sound support based on the Jazz chipset.
Look at the instructions for MV Jazz (above). It's also important to note
that there is something wrong with the mouse port and sound at least on
some TM models. Don't enable the "C&T 82C710 mouse port support" when
configuring Linux. Having it enabled is likely to cause mysterious problems
and kernel failures when sound is used.

miroSOUND
---------

The miroSOUND PCM12 has been used successfully. This card is based on
the MAD16, OPL4, and CS4231A chips and everything said in the section
about MAD16 cards applies here, too. The only major difference between
the PCM12 and other MAD16 cards is that instead of the mixer in the
CS4231 codec a separate mixer controlled by an on-board 80C32
microcontroller is used. Control of the mixer takes place via the ACI
(miro's audio control interface) protocol that is implemented in a
separate lowlevel driver. Make sure you compile this ACI driver
together with the normal MAD16 support when you use a miroSOUND PCM12
card. The ACI mixer is controlled by /dev/mixer and the CS4231 mixer
by /dev/mixer2. You usually don't want to change anything on the
CS4231 mixer.

The miroSOUND PCM12 is capable of full duplex operation (simultaneous
PCM replay and recording), which allows you to implement nice
real-time signal processing audio effect software and network
telephones. The ACI mixer has to be configured into a special "solo"
mode for duplex operation in order to avoid feedback caused by the
mixer (input hears output signal). See lowlevel/aci.c for details on
the ioctl() for activating the "solo" mode.

The following configuration parameters have worked fine for the PCM12
in Markus Kuhn's system, many other configurations might work, too:
MAD16_BASE=0x530, MAD16_IRQ=11, MAD16_DMA=3, MAD16_DMA2=0,
MAD16_MPU_BASE=0x330, MAD16_MPU_IRQ=10, DSP_BUFFSIZE=65536,
SELECTED_SOUND_OPTIONS=0x00281000.

The miroSOUND PCM1 pro and the PCM20 are very similar to the PCM12.
Perhaps the same ACI driver also works for these cards, however this
has never actually been tested. The PCM20 contains a radio tuner,
which is also controlled by ACI. This radio tuner is currently not
supported by the ACI driver, but documentation for it was provided by
miro and ACI tuner support could easily be added if someone is really
interested.

Compaq Deskpro XL
-----------------

The builtin sound hardware of Compaq Deskpro XL is now supported. 
You need to configure the driver with MSS and OPL3 supports enabled.
In addition you need to manually edit linux/drivers/sound/local.h and
to add a line containing "#define DESKPROXL" if you used 
make menuconfig/xconfig.

Others?
-------

Since there are so many different soundcards, it's likely that I have 
forgotten to mention many of them. Please inform me if you know yet another
card which works with Linux, please inform me (or is anybody else
willing to maintain a database of supported cards (just like in XF86)?).

Cards not supported yet
=======================

Please check which version of sound driver you are using before 
complaining that your card is not supported. It's possible that you are 
using a driver version which was released months before your card was
introduced. Driver's release date is listed after its version number
in "cat /dev/sndstat" printout and in file linux/drivers/sound/soundvers.h.

First of all. There is an easy way to make most soundcards to work
with Linux. Just use the DOS based driver to initialize the card
to a _known_ state. Then use loadlin.exe to boot Linux. If Linux is configured
to use the same I/O, IRQ and DMA numbers than DOS, the card could work.
(ctrl-alt-del can be used in place of loadlin.exe but it doesn't work with
new motherboards). This method works also with all/most PnP soundcards.

Don't get fooled with SB compatibility. Most cards are compatible with
SB but that may require a TSR which is not possible with Linux. If
the card is compatible with MSS, it's a better choice. Some cards
don't work in the SB and MSS modes at the same time.

Then there are cards which are no longer manufactured and/or which
are relatively rarely used (such as the 8 bit ProAudioSpectrum
models). It's extremely unlikely that such cards never get supported.
Adding support for a new card requires much work and increases time
required in maintaining the driver (some changes need to be done
to all low level drivers and be tested too, maybe with multiple
operating systems). For this reason I have made a decision to not support
obsolete cards. It's possible that someone else makes a separately 
distributed driver (diffs) for the card. 

Writing a driver for a new card is not possible if there are no 
programming information available about the card. If you don't
find your new card from this file, look from the home page 
(http://www.4front-tech.com/ossfree). Then please contact
manufacturer of the card and ask if they have (or are willing to)
released technical details of the card. Do this before contacting me. I
can only answer 'no' if there are no programming information available.

I have made decision to not accept code based on reverse engineering
to the driver. There are three main reasons: First I don't want to break
relationships to sound card manufacturers. The second reason is that
maintaining and supporting a driver without any specs will be a pain.
The third reason is that companies have freedom to refuse selling their
products to other than Windows users.

Some companies don't give low level technical information about their
products to public or at least their require signing a NDA. It's not
possible to implement a freeware driver for them. However it's possible
that support for such cards become available in the commercial version
of this driver (see http://www.4Front-tech.com/oss.html for more info).

There are some common audio chipsets that are not supported yet. For example
Sierra Aria and IBM Mwave. It's possible that these architectures
get some support in future but I can't make any promises. Just look
at the home page (http://www.4front-tech.com/ossfree/new_cards.html)
for latest info.

Information about unsupported soundcards and chipsets is welcome as well
as free copies of soundcards, SDKs and operating systems.

If you have any corrections and/or comments, please contact me.

Hannu Savolainen
hannu@4front-tech.com

Personal home page:	   http://personal.eunet.fi/pp/voxware/hannu.html
www home page of OSS/Free: http://www.4front-tech.com/ossfree

www home page of commercial OSS
(Open Sound System) drivers: http://www.4front-tech.com/oss.html